主观幸福感在贫困大学生自杀态度与生命意义感中的中介作用

目的 了解贫困大学生自杀态度与生命意义感的关系，探讨主观幸福感在自杀态度形成中的中介作用。方法 采用随机分层的方法，对5所高校的1 100名在校大学生进行自杀态度与生命意义感的调查，分别采用自杀态度问卷（QSA）、生命意义感问卷（MLQ）、生活目的量表（PIL）和幸福感指数量表（IWB）为检测工具，分析贫困大学生自杀态度及其相关因素。构建结构方程模型分析主观幸福感在生命意义感对自杀态度影响中的中介作用。结果 共回收有效问卷1 038份，有效率94.4%；其中贫困生316名，非贫困生722名。贫困大学生的主观幸福感、对自杀者的态度和生活感受得分均显著低于非贫困大学生（P<0.05）。贫困大学生中，女生对自杀者家属态度的得分显著高于男生（P<0.05）；但男生寻求意义感、生活目标和自主感的得分显著高于女生（P<0.05）。贫困大学生自杀态度与生命意义感和主观幸福感密切相关（P<0.05，P<0.01）。主观幸福感在生命意义感对自杀态度的影响中发挥中介作用。 结论 生命意义感和主观幸福感是影响贫困大学生自杀态度的重要因素，高校应开展有针对性的生命教育进行引导。

Mediating effect of subjective well-being on attitude towards commit suicide and meaning in life in poverty-stricken university students

Objective To investigate the relationship between attitude towards commit suicide and meaning in life in poverty-stricken university students, and explore the mediating effect of subjective well being on the development of attitude towards commit suicide. Methods Stratified random sampling was adopted to select 1 100 students from 5 universities, and the survey on attitude towards commit suicide and meaning in life was conducted. Questionnaire of suicide attitude (QSA), meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), purpose in life test (PIL) and index of well-being (IWB) were employed, and the attitude towards commit suicide and related factors in poverty-stricken university students were analyzed. Structural equation model was constructed to explore the mediating effect of subjective well-being on attitude towards commit suicide and meaning in life. Results A total of 1 038 effective questionnaires were recovered, with the response rate of 94.4%. There were 316 poverty-stricken university students, and the other 722 were non-poverty-stricken university students. The scores on subjective well-being, attitude towards people with commit suicide and life experience in poverty-stricken university students were significantly lower than those in non-poverty-stricken university students (P<0.05). Among poverty-stricken university students, female students had significantly higher scores than male students in attitude toward families of people with commit suicide (P<0.05), while male students had significantly higher scores than female students in pursuit of meaning in life, purpose in life and sense of ownership (P<0.05). The attitude towards commit suicide was closely related to meaning in life and subjective well-being in poverty-stricken university students (P<0.05, P<0.01). Subjective well-being partially had the mediating effect on meaning in life and attitude towards commit suicide. Conclusion Meaning in life and subjective well-being may have important effect on the attitude towards commit suicide in poverty-stricken university students, and individualized life education should be conducted in universities.