汶川地震1年后重灾区丧亲者家庭功能的现状研究

目的:了解汶川地震1年后重灾区丧亲者家庭功能的现状,为丧亲家庭重建提供依据。方法:采用横断面调查法于汶川地震1年后对重灾区的264名丧亲者进行调查。结果:丧亲者家庭关怀功能总分为6.52±2.65,50%的丧亲者家庭关怀功能良好。丧亲者家庭亲密度28～83(64.22±9.18)分,适应性21～62(41.84±6.62)分。丧亲者家庭亲密度与非丧亲家庭相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而适应性与非丧亲家庭相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。丧亲者家庭3大类型以中间型为主约53.8%,平衡型约22.0%,极端型约24.2%;16种家庭类型中排列前3位的是亲密-僵硬型约24.6%,亲密-有规律型约19.7%,松散- 僵硬型约19.3%。结论:汶川地震丧亲者家庭关怀功能受到不同程度损害,家庭类型以中间型为主,家庭适应性不良。在后期干预中要帮助丧亲者学会改善和提高家庭功能的有效技巧,更好地促进灾后丧亲者家庭重建。

Family function among the bereaved in hard-hit areas 1 year after Wenchuan earthquake

Objective: To investigate the family function among the bereaved in hard-hit areas 1 year after Wenchuan earthquake and to provide basic information for family reconstruction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to survey 264 bereaved who were selected according to the criteria in hard-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake. Results: The scores of family care function of the bereaved in hard-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake were 6.52±2.65. Fifty percent of the participants' family kept in good state. The scores of the bereaved family cohesion ranged from 28 to 83 (64.22±9.18), and the scores of family adaptability ranged from 21 to 62 (41.84±6.62). There was no significant difference in the score of family cohesion between the bereaved family and the non-bereaved family (P>0.05). But the score of the family adaptability of the bereaved family was significantly lower than that of the non-bereaved family (P<0.05). The bereaved family types were as follows: 22.0% balanced type, 53.8% middle type and 24.2% extreme type. In the 16 family types, the “intimate-rigid” (24.6%), “intimate-regular” (19.7%) and “disengaged-rigid” (19.3%) type ranked the top three. Conclusion: The family care function of the bereaved in hard-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake is damaged to different degrees. The main type of family is the middle type. The loss of relatives reduces the participant family adaptability. In the late intervention, we should help the bereaved improve and enhance family function, and promote family reconstruction of the bereaved.