山西省2015—2019年6~14岁儿童传染病流行特征分析

目的:分析山西省2015—2019年6~14岁儿童传染病流行特征及重点传染病,为学龄儿童传染病防控工作提供更精准的科学策略。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对山西省2015—2019年6~14岁儿童传染病发病资料进行统计分析。结果:山西省2015—2019年共报告6~14岁儿童传染病38种,共71751例,年均发病率为404.37/10万,报告死亡病例9例。男童年均发病率为女童的1.24倍(P<0.001)。6~14岁儿童年均发病率最高的为6岁组,且年均发病率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0.001)。5~7月、11月至次年1月为发病高峰期,呈季节性双峰分布。病种分布上,呼吸道传染病(77.19%)居首位。水痘、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、流行性感冒、猩红热及其他感染性腹泻为山西省6~14岁儿童重点传染病,占报告传染病总数的94.64%。山西省11个市报告年均发病率居前3位的城市依次为太原市、阳泉市和晋中市。结论:山西省6~14岁儿童传染病防控工作仍需得到相关部门的高度重视,防控重点应以呼吸道传染病为主,6岁组儿童为重点关注群体,应加强传染病高发地区的防控工作和健康教育。

Analysis on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Infectious Diseases among Children Aged 6~14 Years Old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019

OBJECTIVE The epidemic characteristics and key infectious diseases of children aged 6~14 years old in Shanxi Prov-ince from 2015 to 2019 are analyzed to provide more precise and scientific strategies for the prevention and control of infectious dis-eases among school-age children.METHODS Descriptive epidemiology method is used to analyze the incidence data of infectiousdiseases in children aged 6~14 years old from 2015 to 2019 in Shanxi Province.RESULTS From 2015 to 2019,a total of 71751 cases of 38 infectious diseases among children aged 6~14 years old are reported in Shanxi Province,with an average annual inci-dence of 404.37/lakh and 9 deaths reported.The annual incidence rate of boys is 1.24 times of girls(P<0.001).The 6-year-oldgroup has the highest average annual incidence of children aged 6~14 years old,and the average annual incidence is decreasingwith age(P<0.001).The peak incidence period is from May to July,and from November to January of the following year,showingan obvious seasonal bimodal distribution.In terms of disease distribution,respiratory infectious diseases(77.19%)ranked first.Chickenpox,mumps,hand,foot and mouth disease,influenza,scarlet fever,and other infectious diarrhea are the key infectious dis-eases of children aged 6~14 in Shanxi Province,accounting for 94.64%of the total reported infectious diseases.The top 3 cities inthe 11 cities of Shanxi Province with the annual average incidence rate reported are Taiyuan,Yangquan,and Jinzhong.CONCLUSION The prevention and control of infectious diseases in children aged 6~14 in Shanxi Province requires great attention.The focusof prevention and control should be on respiratory infectious diseases.The 6-year-old group should be the focus group.The preven-tion and control work and health education in areas with high incidence of infectious diseases should be strengthened.