不同生长年限人参的农艺性状 品质及土壤理化分析

目的:探讨不同生长年限人参及其土壤的变化趋势,为改善土壤理化性质提供理论依据。方法:选择黑龙江和吉林林地为试验地,对比人参生物积累量、品质和土壤变化趋势。结果:随着种植年限增加,人参生物量不断积累,人参皂苷Rg1和Rb1含量分别升高4.35%~73.08%和1.79%~86.44%,但醇提物含量下降8.60%~31.93%。土壤pH、有机质、腐殖质、全磷、有效铜和有效铁含量都显著降低。根干质量与碱解氮(r=0.803)、有效钾(r=0.683)和有效锰(r=0.705)呈极显著正相关。结论:不同生长年限的人参根干质量差异有统计学意义,其品质均符合《日本药局方》规定。随着种植年限的增加,土壤交换性钠、钙、镁显著增加,土壤有机质和其他矿质元素都有不同程度的消耗。

Comparative Study on Agronomic Traits,Quality and Cultivated Soil of Panax Ginseng with Diffrent Growth Years

Objective:To study the change of Panax ginseng growth of different growth years and the soil of cultivation and provide theoretical basis for improving physical and chemical characteristic of the soils.Methods:This study was carried out using the forestlands of the provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin.Changes in bioaccumulation,quality,soil physical and chemical characteristic were analyzed.Results:With the increase of growth years,the biomass of P.ginseng was accumulating,the contents of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 increased by 4.35%-73.08%and 1.79%-86.44%,respectively,but the content of alcohol extract decreased by 8.60%-31.93%.The pH levels,the contents of organic matter,humus,total phosphorus,available cuprum and ferrum within ginseng soils were significantly decreased.The dry weight of ginseng roots was significantly correlated with the contents of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(r=0.803),available potassium(r=0.683)and available manganese(r=0.705).Conclusion:The root dry weight of ginseng with different growth years was significantly different,and the ginseng quality conformed to the regulations of Japanese Pharmacopoeia.With the increase of growth years,the contents of exchangeable sodium,calcium and magnesium significantly increased,and organic matter and the other mineral elements were consumed in varying degrees.