中药活性成分口服结肠靶向纳米系统治疗溃疡性结肠炎的研究进展

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)为现代常见病、难治病。因其发病反复,临床常需反复长期使用柳氮磺胺吡啶、免疫抑制剂等药物,但其疗效有限且易产生不良反应。现代研究发现中药多酚类、生物碱类、醌类、萜类等活性成分通过多靶点机制,表现出较好缓解UC的作用,且不良反应相对较低,但存在水溶性差、胃肠道不稳定和结肠靶向性差等制剂学问题。针对以上制剂学问题,研究者构建了多种中药活性成分的口服结肠靶向纳米系统,通过避免胃肠道破坏、延长肠滞留、实现药物在病灶部位控释等方式显著提升了对UC的治疗效果。对具有UC防治作用的中药活性成分及其作用机制,以及口服结肠靶向纳米系统用于UC治疗的研究进展进行综述,以期为中药活性成分口服靶向治疗UC提供思路。

Research progress on oral colon targeting nano system of Chinese medicine active ingredients in treatment of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common and refractory disease. Because of its repeated onset, it is often necessary to use sulfasalazine, immunosuppressor agents and other drugs for a long time, but its efficacy is limited and it is easy to produce side effects. Modern studies have found that polyphenols, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids and other active components of traditional Chinese medicine can alleviate UC better through multi-target mechanism, and the side effects are relatively low, but there are pharmaceutical problems such as poor water solubility, gastrointestinal instability and poor colon targeting. In view of the above problems, the researchers have constructed a variety of oral colon targeted nano system of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, which can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of UC by avoiding gastrointestinal tract damage, prolonging intestinal retention, and achieving controlled release of drugs in the focus. In this paper, active components of traditional Chinese medicine with prevention and treatment effect of UC and their mechanisms, and the research progress on oral colon targeting nano system of Chinese herbal active ingredients in treatment of ulcerative colitis are reviewed, in order to provide ideas for active components of traditional Chinese medicine in oral targeted treatment of UC.