天水市城市与农村普通人群精神卫生知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度

目的比较天水市城市与农村普通人群的心理健康、精神疾病预防知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度。方法于2016年3月1日-4月30日采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取天水市≥15岁的500名城市和1000名农村普通人为调查对象。采用精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案中的《普通人群心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓率问卷》、《病例测验》、《精神疾病有关态度问卷》进行调查,并比较农村和城市人群的各问卷结果。结果实际完成调查的城市与农村人口分别为485名、968名。城市人群对精神卫生与心理保健知识的知晓率高于农村(88.2%vs.65.4%,χ~2=99.89,P0.01),对精神疾病态度好于农村(36.74±6.43)分vs.(35.83±7.62)分,t=2.27,P0.05]。城市人群对抑郁症、阳性症状为主精神分裂症、躁狂症及强迫症的知晓率均高于农村人群(35.5%vs.30.2%,40.2%vs.31.1%,65.4%vs.41.9%,77.1%vs.39.1%,χ~2=3.92、11.93、70.88、187.49,P0.05或0.01),对阴性症状为主精神分裂症的知晓率城市与农村人群差异无统计学意义(12.3%vs.14.3%,χ~2=0.59,P0.05)。结论天水市农村人群心理健康知识知晓率低于城市,对抑郁症、阳性症状为主精神分裂症、躁狂症、强迫症的知晓率低于城市人群,农村人群对精神疾病的态度有待提高,应加强对农村人群精神卫生知识的宣传力度。

Investigation of the awareness rate of mental health knowledge and attitude about mental illness in urban and rural general population

Objective To compare the awareness rate of mental health knowledge and attitude about mental illness in urban and rural general population in Tianshui city.Methods 1 000 subjects from rural and 500 subjects from urban were selected by stratified multistage cluster random sampling method during March 1 to April 30, 2016, who lived in Tianshui and were greater than or equal to 15 years old.All questionnaires including the Awareness Rate of Mental Health Knowledge and Mental Illness which Prevention of General Population, the Cases Quiz and the Attitude to Mental Illness came from the Mental Health Indicator Survey Assessment were used to investigate.Results 485 subjects in urban area and 968 subjects in rural area completed the investigation.The awareness rate of mental health knowledge in urban general population was higher than the rural general population (88.2% vs.65.4%, χ2=99.89, P<0.01).The attitude toward mental illness in urban samples were better than the rural samples (36.74±6.43) vs.(35.83±7.62), t=2.27, P<0.05].The awareness rates of depression, schizophrenia characterized by positive syndrome, manic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder in urban samples was higher than the rural samples (35.5% vs.30.2%, 40.2% vs.31.1%, 65.4% vs.41.9%, 77.1% vs.39.1%, χ2=3.92, 11.93, 70.88, 187.49, P<0.05 or 0.01).The awareness rate of schizophrenia characterized by negative syndrome had no statistic difference between urban samples and rural samples (12.3% vs.14.3%, χ2=0.59, P>0.05).Conclusion The awareness rate of mental health knowledge of rural population in Tianshui city is lower than urban population.And the awareness rates of depression, schizophrenia characterized by positive syndrome, manic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder in rural population are lower than the urban.So the attitude toward mental illness of general population in rural population need to be improved, the propaganda and education about knowledge of mental health should be strengthened.