Alzheimer病患者与正常老年人皮肤基底细胞微管研究

目的探讨皮肤基底细胞微管作为Alzheimer病非神经系统生物学诊断指标的意义。方法选取Alzheimer病(AD)患5例、正常老年人7例，利用透射电镜和体视学技术对AD和正常老年人皮肤基底细胞内微管进行定性与定量分析。结果(1)AD和正常老年人的皮肤基底细胞内的微管在形态上无明显差异。其横切面均为由13根原纤维组成的圆形或椭圆形结构，外径约25nm，内径约15nm；纵切面为一中空的圆柱状结构，长度几微米不等，部分AD病人皮肤基底细胞微管略有肿胀，常分布于核膜、质膜、基底膜及桥粒附近。(2)定量研究发现：AD组的体积密度、长度密度、面数密度显地少于正常老年对照组，P值均小于0．01；即AD患皮肤基底细胞内的微管数量明显少于正常老年人。结论本研究提示AD患皮肤基底细胞内做管的定性与定量分析，有潜在的可能成为AD非神经系统的一种生物学辅助诊断指标。

A study of microtuble of basal cells between patients with Alzheimer''''s disease and healthy elderly

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease with microtuble of basal cells as anextraneuronal biological marker. Methods 5 cases of elderly with Alzheimer's disease, and 7 cases of healthy elderly controls were enrolled in the study. Microtuble of basal cells were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by image analyzer (TIGER 920,made in china) between Alzheimer's disease and healthy elderly . Results (1) The state of microtuble of basal cells was no significant differences between Alzheimer's disease and healthy elderly. On its cross section: round or oval-shaped structure are made of thirteen protofilaments. Its outer diameter is about 25 nm and inner diameter is about 15 nm. Empty-column-shaped structure on longitudinal section has a few micron length. A slight swollen microtubules were found in some AD. They were found near uclear membranes, substantial membranes and esmosone. (2) The Volume Density ,Length Density and Numerical Density on Area in the Alzheimer's disease group were obvious lower than those in the healthy elderly group, P<0.01 respectively. Conclusion These data suggest that microtuble of basal cells with analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively could be regarded as an extraneuronal biological marker in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.