经颅视神经减压开放术治疗视神经损伤

目的比较不同受力部位对颅底骨折导致视神经损伤的临床情况进行视神经损伤分型,讨论手术适应证和经颅入路视神经减压开放术的优越性.方法 1997年9月至2002年5月经颅手术治疗118例视神经损伤病人,回顾分析了受伤部位、CT影像特点、手术减压范围及术后6个月视力的随访结果.评价方法为视力完全丧失、眼前手动、眼前指数、光感和视力>0.05 5个级别.提高一个级别者为有效,视野缺损的改善也为有效.视力恢复大于0.1为显效.结果视神经损伤类型为眉弓外侧型87例,眉弓内侧型18例,颧骨型13例.术后6个月随访,术前视力完全丧失72例,术后有效35例,有效率为48.6%;术前视力残存者46例,术后均有效,有效率为100%;各型总有效率为68.6%.视神经损伤眉弓外侧型术后有效率为64.4%,眉弓内侧型83.3%;颧骨型为76.9%;可见眉弓内侧型和颧骨型视神经损伤的手术效果较好.结论经颅手术减压范围充分,疗效明确.手术适应证为(1)伤后有残存视力,视力下降者;(2)双侧视神经损伤;(3)完全失明未超过3 d者.

Transcranial optic nerve decompression for optic nerve injury

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the operative indications and advantages of transcranial optic nerve decompression in treatment of optic nerve injury resulted from skull base fracture. METHODS: The data, such as the site of impact, vision, ocular movement, characteristic of CT, and pathologic changes during operation, and the extent of operative decompression of 118 patients with optic nerve injury. According the site of impact on the head, 87 of lateral superciliary arch type, 18 of medial superciliary arch type, and 13 of zygomatic type, undergoing transcranial optic nerve decompression were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were followed up for 6 months after operation. For the purpose of evaluation, the postoperative outcome of visual acuity was classified into five grades: blindness, hand movement, finger count, light perception and visual acuity > 0.05. The visual acuity improvement reaching one grade or more was defined as effective. The improvement of visual field was also considered effective. RESULTS: After follow-up of 6 months, effect was shown in 35 out of the 72 patients with pre-operative blindness (48.6%), and all the 46 patients with residual vision (100%). The total effective rate was 68.6%. The post-operative effective rate was 64.4% in patients with lateral superciliary arch type, 83.3% in patients with medial superciliary arch type injury and 76.9% in patients with zygomatic type injury. CONCLUSIONS: Transcranial optic nerve decompression is worthy recommending to the patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. The operative indications include patients with residual vision; patients with bilateral optic nerve injury; and patients with blindness less than 3 days.