产前超声检测胎儿咽喉及气管直径

目的探讨不同孕周胎儿咽、喉及气管直径的正常参考值范围。方法对401例孕16～36周正常单胎胎儿进行产前超声检查，在清晰显示胎儿咽、喉及气管的基础上测量其直径。结果401例正常单胎胎儿，超声测量胎儿咽直径241例，喉直径314例，气管直径329例。胎儿咽直径从16周时的（2．90±0．40）mm增加至36周时的（9．30±0．42）mm；喉直径从16周时的（3．70±0．32）mm增加至36周时的（11．10±0．87）mm；气管直径从16周时的（1．20±0．10）mm增加至36周时的（3．80±0．31）mm。胎儿咽、喉及气管的直径（Y）与孕周（X）呈显著线性关系，均可拟合直线方程，其回归方程与相关系数分别为Y=-0．76147＋0．27727X，r=0．99039，P〈0．0001（咽）；Y=-0．95126＋0．33805X，r=0．99228，P〈0．0001（喉）；Y=-0．47030＋0．11662X，r=0．99167，P〈0．0001（气管）。结论不同孕周胎儿咽、喉及气管直径正常参考值范围的建立将为产前判断胎儿呼吸道发育不良及相关异常提供有价值的参考。

Ultrasound measurements of the diameter of the fetal trachea,larynx and pharynx during gestation

Objective To explore the normal reference value range of diameter of fetus pharynx, larynx and trachea in different fetal-normal gestational ages. Methods A total of 401 cases with 16 to 36 weeks normal prenatal fetuses were carried out by ultrasound examinations using clear imaging of fetus pharynx, larynx and trachea. At the same time, the diameters of the fetus pharynx, larynx and trachea were measured. Results A total of 401 heathy fetus ultrasound measurement of the diameter of the fetal pharynx, larynx, trachea were observed in 241,314,329 cases, respectively. The diameter of fetal pharynx increased from a mean of 2.90 ± O. 40 mm in the 16th week to 9.30 ± 0.42 mm in the 36th week, and larynx in diame- ter from a mean of 3.70± 0.32 to 11.10 ± 0.87 mm; diameter of tracheal grew from a mean of 1.20 ±0.10 mm to 3.80 ± 0.31 mm. There were significant linear relationships among tracheal, laryngeal, pharyngeal diameter and fetal gestation, the correlation coefficient with the regression equation was Y = -0.76147 ＋ 0.27727X, r=0.99039, P〈0.0001 （pharynx）; Y = -0.95126 ＋0.33805 X, r=0.99228, P〈 0.0001 （larynx） ; Y = -0.47030 ＋0. 11662 X, r =0. 99167, P 〈0. 0001 （trachea）. Conclusions The normal reference range of fetal tracheal throat diameter in different gestation could provide valuable references for pre-judgment on fetal respiratory tract dysplasia and related abnormalities.