新型甲型H1N1流感危重症存活和死亡病例的临床特点分析

目的 了解新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)危重病例的临床特点,探讨与死亡相关的危险因素. 方法 采用前瞻性研究方法分析北京地坛医院2009年10月3日至12月15日收治的55例甲型流感危重病例的临床特点,并对存活病例和死亡病例进行比较分析. 结果 55例中男31例,女24例,年龄10个月至84岁,平均(38±20)岁.危重患者中<65岁48例(48/55),肥胖33例(33/49),伴基础疾病26例(26/49),妊娠6例(6/24),临床表现为高热、咳嗽、咳痰(部分为血痰)及呼吸困难,双肺可闻及干湿性啰音.55例中54例并发呼吸衰竭,26例并发ARDS,38例需行机械通气;27例继发感染,其中肺部感染24例(呼吸机相关肺炎10例).发病早期C反应蛋白升高,平均为(131±130)mg/L,CD4+及CD8+T细胞计数降低,分别为(217±139)/μl和(162±82)/μl;随病程进展,死亡病例的C反应蛋白持续升高,T细胞亚群计数持续降低,继发真菌感染的比例明显高于存活组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,体重指数高及继发真菌感染的患者病死率明显增高(OR值分别为6.512和19.631,P均<0.05);发病48 h内使用奥司他韦抗病毒治疗者中未出现死亡病例. 结论 青壮年、肥胖、伴基础疾病和妊娠的甲型流感患者易进展为危重症;C反应蛋白水平持续升高及T细胞亚群计数持续降低提示预后不良;体重指数高及继发真菌感染者病死率高;早期应用奥司他韦治疗可降低病死率.

The analysis of the clinical features between survivors and non-survivors with the severe form of new influenza A (H1N1) viral infection

Objective To understand the clinical features of critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1)and investigate the risk factors associated with death cases. Methods The clinical features of 55 critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1)viral infection hospitalized at Beijing Ditan Hospital from October 3 to December 15,2009 were retrospectively analyzed,and a comparative analysis was performed on the manifestations of the survival and the death groups of patients. Results There were 31 males and 24 females.The age ranged from 10 months to 84 year old,and the mean(SD)was 38(20)year old.The critically ill cases were more in patients under age 65(48/55),with obesity(33/49),with underlying diseases(26/49),and pregnancy(6/24).Both the survivors and non-survivors of patients had high fever,cough,sputum(some sputum with blood),dyspnea,r(a)les of both lungs fields.and all further developed severe pneumonia.The patients also showed respiratory failure(54/55)and ARDS(26/55).All of them received oseltamivir therapy,and 38 patients received mechanical ventilation and 30 were giyen steroid therapy.Secondary infection occurred in 27 cases.and ventilatorassociated pneumonia happened in 10 patients.In the early stage of onset,C-reactive protein(CRP) increased [ (131 ± 130)mg/L] and low counts of T lymphecytes were present [ CD4+ , CD8+T was (217 ±139)/μl and (162 ± 82)/μl]. With the progress of disease, the non-survival cases had persistently increased CRP and the counts of T lymphocytes did not recover, while the secondary fungal infection was significantly higher than in the survivor cases (P <0. 05). By using BMI, underlying diseases, ARDS, the day of Oseltamivir initiated, steroid therapy, following bacterial and fungal infection as variables through logistic regression analysis, it was shown that higher BMI and following fungal infection were associated with higher fatal risks ( OR was 6. 512, 19. 631 respective0ly, both of P value was low than 0. 05 ). There was no death case who received oseltamivir treatment within 48 hours of onset of disease. Conclusions Critical illness in pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1)was associated with patients under age 65, with obesity,underlying diseases, and pregnancy. Persistently increased CRP and lower counts of T lymphocytes were associated with unfavorable prognosis. The patients with higher BMI and secondary fungal infection had higher fatal risks. Oseltamivir treatments at early stage would probably reduce mortality.