南昌市中学教师脑力负荷分布规律及其相关因素研究

目的探讨南昌市中学教师脑力负荷的现状及主要影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取南昌市城、郊区中学教师504名,并用验证了信度效度的脑力负荷评价量表任务负荷指数(NASA-TLX量表)评价其脑力负荷水平。结果南昌市中学教师脑力负荷得分呈近似正态分布;31~35岁组中学教师脑力负荷水平最高,≤35岁时,脑力负荷与年龄呈正相关关系(r=0.146,P<0.05),>35岁时,脑力负荷的变化不大;中学教师脑力负荷水平与文化程度呈负相关关系(r=-0.172,P<0.05),文化程度越低的中学教师感到的脑力负荷越大(P<0.01);每天工作时间越长,中学教师脑力负荷越大,且对脑力负荷的影响最大(P<0.001)。结论年龄、学历以及每天工作时间等与南昌市中学教师脑力负荷水平密切相关,每天工作时间过长是影响其脑力负荷水平的重要危险因素,降低每天工作时间特别使其控制在8 h以内可能是减轻该市中学教师脑力负荷的重要有效措施。

Distribution and main influential factors of mental workload of middle school teachers in Nanchang City

Objective To investigate the distribution and main influential factors of mental workload of middle school teachers in Nanchang City. Methods A total of 504 middle school teachers were sampled by random cluster sampling from middle schools in Nanchang City,and the mental workload level was assessed with National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index( NASA-TLX) which was verified in reliability and validity. Results The mental workload scores of middle school teachers in Nanchang was approximately normal distribution. The mental workload level of middle school teachers aged 31- 35 years old was the highest. For those no more than 35 years old,there was positive correlation between mental workload and age( r = 0. 146,P < 0. 05). For those more than 35 years old,the levels of their mental workload had no statistically significant difference. There was a negative correlation between mental workload and educational level( r =- 0. 172,P < 0. 05). The middle school teachers with lower educational level seemed to have a higher mental workload( P < 0. 01). The longer a middle school teacherworked per day,the higher the mental workload was. Working hours per day was the most influential factor on mental workload in all influential factors( P < 0. 001). Conclusion Mental workload of middle school teachers was closely related to age,educational level and work hours per day. Working hours per day was the important risk factor of mental workload. Reducing working hours per day,especially reducing it to be no more than 8hours per day,may be a significant and useful approach alleviating mental workload of middle school teachers in Nanchang City.