大同市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区环境生态中砷暴露水平调查

目的调查山西省大同市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区外环境中砷暴露水平。方法从山西省大同市某地方性砷中毒病区抽取85名常住人口作为调查对象,慢性砷中毒按照《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》进行诊断,并采集暴露人群的日常饮用水、土壤和瓜果蔬菜。日常饮用水和土壤通过原子荧光分光光度计定量检测其中砷含量,瓜果蔬菜中的总砷含量采用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪(ICP-MS)测定。结果在抽取的85名居民日常饮用水中,水砷范围14.41~90.34μg/L,中位数为43.88μg/L。采集的瓜果蔬菜砷含量范围为0.001~0.771 mg/kg,均数为0.0598 mg/kg,超标率为43.04%,其中瓜果蔬菜中砷超标率呈现叶菜类>根茎类>果菜类的趋势。食用污染严重的叶菜类蔬菜中摄入砷引起的健康风险达到71.77%。本地方性砷中毒病区东南西北4个方向的土壤砷含量未超过国家标准。结论山西省大同市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区饮用水、自产瓜果蔬菜砷含量均高,饮用砷污染的水是引起慢性砷中毒的主要因素,通过食用自产瓜果蔬菜染砷这一途径也不可忽视。

Investigation of the arsenic levels in ecosystem aspect in water type of endemic arsenicosis area in Datong City

Objective To investigate the arsenic levels in endemic arsenism in Datong City,Shanxi Province. Methods A total of 85 inhabitants from one village in endemic arsenism area in Datong City, Shanxi Province were collected as research subjects. The People's Republic of China health industry standard for endemic arsenism was used to identify and diagnosis the patients. Daily drinking water and soil were collected and detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The content of vegetables were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS). Results In the study,85 samples were collected. Arsenic concentration in the daily drinking water were 14. 41- 90. 34 μg / L, and the median value was 43. 88 μg / L. The arsenic concentration of vegetables were 0. 001- 0. 771 mg / kg,and 43. 04% of samples,werehigher than the maximal permissible limit of As in food. The results that the arsenic concentration of vegetables constant changes in the leaf vegetables > tubers > fruit vegetables. The health risk of intaking arsenic pollution in vegetables up to 71. 77%. The arsenic levels in village of four directions were not exceeded the Chinese standards.Conclusions Arsenic concentration in drinking water and vegetables are high in waterborn endemic arsenicosis area of Shanxi province. Arsenic in drinking water has been considered as a primary cause of arsenism,but direct intake of arsenic from vegetables can not be ignored.