辅食补充对贫困农村婴幼儿呼吸道感染和腹泻的影响

目的探讨强化辅助食品对婴幼儿呼吸道感染和腹泻两周内患病的影响。方法从甘肃省5个贫困县选取4~12个月的婴幼儿分成两组,所有儿童均在保持其家庭习惯的辅助食品添加的前提下,每天再补充1包不同配方的营养补充物,其中配方1组补充了蛋白质和微量营养素。每隔6个月对全部儿童补充一次大剂量的维生素A,两组儿童观察到满24个月为止。补充期间,每3个月进行一次体格测量,记录此期间儿童患呼吸系统疾病和腹泻的情况。结果补充12个月随访调查时,儿童近两周呼吸系统疾病和腹泻患病率下降明显,与基线调查比较,呼吸系统疾病和腹泻患病率的差异有显著性(P<0.001),同一次调查两配方组儿童疾病患病率之间差异无显著性;配方1组婴幼儿每次患呼吸系统疾病的病程逐渐下降。呼吸系统疾病和腹泻总的医疗费是明显下降的。结论补充营养素强化的辅食和大剂量维生素A,可以降低儿童腹泻和呼吸道感染的发病率,减少医疗费用。

Effects of complementary food supplements on respiratory infections and diarrhea of infants and young children in poor rural

Objective To investigate the effect of complementary food supplements with protein and multi-micronutrients on respiratory infections and diarrhea of infants and yound children in poor rural China. Methods In 5 poor county of Gansu Province, 1478 children aged 4-12 months were enrolled and divided into two groups.In addition to the usual home-made complementary food, all the children were fed one package of either formula I or formula II per day, protein and micronutrient were supplemented in formula I group. Every 6 months, a massive dose of vitamin A was supplemented to all children, weight and height measurements have been done every 3 months until they were 24 months old. Results During the follow-up of 12 months supplementation, prevalence of respiratory infection and diarrhea reduce significantly compared with baseline survey (P<0.0001), there is no difference between the two group at the same survey, lasting time of respiratory infection is shortened in formula I group, and medical cost of disease in the two groups reduced significantly. Conclusion Complementary food supplements, with large-dose vitamin A, reduce prevalence of respiratory infections, diarrhea and medical cost of those diseases.