非外伤性横纹肌溶解症39例临床分析

目的总结非外伤性横纹肌溶解症的病因、临床特点、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2006年11月北京协和医院收治的39例非外伤性横纹肌溶解症患者的病因、临床特点、治疗及预后。结果非外伤性横纹肌溶解症的主要表现为发热、乏力、受累肌肉疼痛和(或)压痛、肌肉肿胀、尿色改变及少尿或无尿,均有血清肌酶和血肌红蛋白明显升高。非外伤性横纹肌溶解症的并发症或合并症有急性肾衰竭、电解质和代谢紊乱、肌间隙综合征和多器官功能衰竭(MOSF)等。感染(33.3%)和药物(25.6%)是本组非外伤性横纹肌溶解症最常见的病因,其次为代谢紊乱(10.3%)、酒精中毒(7.7%)。治疗包括减少肌肉损伤、补液、碱化尿液及并发症的处理,必要时行肾脏替代治疗。总体病死率为15.4%,合并急性肾衰竭(ARF)者病死率为20.7%。MOSF是死亡的预测因素。存活者若无慢性肾功能异常,其肾功能均可恢复或维持正常。结论非外伤性横纹肌溶解症是一种病因、临床表现、并发症及合并症多样的综合征,早期诊断有一定困难。但只要治疗正确、及时,存活者肾功能多有望恢复或维持正常。

Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis: clinical analysis of thirty-nine cases

Objective To evaluate clinical features,predisposing factors,therapeutic regimen and prognosis of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis.Methods Clinical picture,therapeutic regimen and prognosis were investigated in 39 cases with non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis by retrospective analysis.Results Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis mostly presented fever,asthenia,myalgia and/or muscular tenderness,swelling of involved muscles,red urine and oliguria or anuria.The complications and comorbidity of rhabdomyolysis included acute renal failure(ARF),disorders of metabolites and electrolytes,compartmental syndrome,infection,and multiple organ dysfunction.Infection(33.3%)was the most common etiology of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis,followed by drugs(25.6%),metabolite or electrolyte derangements(10.3%)and alcohol intoxication(7.7%)etc.Therapeutic regimen covered treatment of the underlying diseases,volume repletion,alkalization and dealing with the complications.For the patients with established renal failure,renal replacement therapy was essential.Overall mortality was 15.4%,while the mortality in the patients with ARF was 20.7%.If surviving ARF,the patients' renal function promised to be normalized consequently.Conclusion Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome with a variety of causes,different clinical presentations and versatile combination of complications,which confounds the diagnosis.However,if treated properly and in time,the survivors in all probability will recover from ARF.