江滩型地区血吸虫病流行因素及优化防治对策的研究

1991—1995年,在皖、苏两省江滩型地区血吸虫病流行因素及优化防治对策的研究结果表明,该地区传染源种类较多,在传播中的地位依次为牛、猪、人等;人群接触疫水以生产性、生活性方式为主,且因地而异,接触强度以游泳最甚;感染性钉螺分布与植被种类及人畜活动频度有关,并呈负二项分布;疫区形成与滩地崩长、变迁密切相关;长江水位及降雨量是影响该类地区血吸虫病流行的重要因素。综合比较几种优化防治对策的螺、病情控制效果和费用—效果,提出在现阶段以“疾病控制”为主要目标时,宜选择“人畜化疗 健康教育”的策略,在经济条件合适的地区,可加上滩地治理的策略;在疫情基本控制地区,宜采取“人畜反复查治 消灭阳性螺点”及“重点人群和耕牛化疗 健康教育 易感带灭螺 个人防护”的策略,以巩固血防成果。

STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN BEACH REGIONS OF CHANGJIANG RIVER

This paper reports on the studies of epidemiological factors and optimum control strate-gies of schistosomiasis in beach regions of Changjiang River in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces in 1991 - 1995. The results demonstrated that the infection sources are varied in the beach re-gions.The essential ones contributed to schistosomiasis transmission are cattle,pig and man. People contact with infested water via production and daily activities ; naturally, the mode of infestation is different with areas. Generally ,swimming is the most intense pattern of con-tact.The distribution of infected Oncomelania snails is related to the kinds of vegetation and frequency of man and animal activities,presenting a negative binomial pattern. The presence of endemic area is closely associated with the degradation /formation and alteration of beach.The water level of Changjiang River and precipitation are important factors influencing the prevalence of schistosomiasis of the regions. Judging from the comparative studies of eral strategies on the basis of snail and schistosomiasis control effects as well as cost-effec-tiveness,the authors suggest that to keep pace with the major target of "diseasa control".the optimum strategies against schistosomiasis in the beach regions of Changjiang River should be chemotherapy of man and farm animals and health education. Additionally ,transformation of beach should be taken into consideration provided funds are sufficient. In areas where schistosomiasis has been basically under cotrol,the strategies of "repeated examination and treatment of man and farm animals and elimination of foci of infected snails " and " Chemotherapy of target population and cattle plus health education plus elimination of snails in high risk areas plus individual prevention / protection" are recommended, so as to consolidate the previous achievements.