微管相关蛋白2与脊髓发育和损伤的修复

背景：微管相关蛋白2作为神经元特异性标记蛋白之一，其表达活性在一定程度上反映了脊髓神经细胞增殖、分化、迁移的演变规律。 目的：综述微管相关蛋白2的分子结构、生物学功能及其在脊髓发育及损伤修复中的表达分布规律，进而为脊髓损伤后神经干细胞的移植治疗提供前期研究基础。 方法：应用计算机检索1984/2012 维普、万方数据库相关文章，检索词为“脊髓，微管相关蛋白2”。同时计算机检索1984/2012 PubMed和Springer外文电子期刊及电子图书(全文)数据库相关文章，检索词为“spinal cord，Microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP-2)”。共检索到文献325篇，最终纳入符合标准的文献27篇。 结果与结论：微管相关蛋白2不仅是神经细胞的骨架成分，更是一种活跃的功能蛋白，参与神经元的生长和损伤后的修复过程，它的表达强弱可以反映脊髓神经元的发育情况。微管相关蛋白2免疫活性下降在脊髓损伤中的作用日益受到重视，而它的高表达可能在脊髓损伤后突触结构重建及受损神经功能代偿和修复中发挥重要作用。通过检测微管相关蛋白2的含量和定位，可以用来研究人类多种神经干细胞增殖、分化、迁移规律，进而探索脊髓等中枢神经系统的发育和损伤修复状况。

Effects of microtubule-associated protein 2 on spinal cord development and damage repair

BACKGROUND:Mcrotubule-associated protein 2 serves as one of specific marker proteins of neurons, and its expression activity to a certain extent reflects the evolution law of proliferation, differentiation and migration of spinal cord nerve cells. OBJECTIVE:To review the molecular structure, biological function, expression and distribution law in spinal cord development and damage repair of mcrotubule-associated protein 2 to provide previous fundamental research in the transplantation of neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. METHODS:VIP and Wanfang databases were retrieved by computer with the key words of “spinal cord, microtubule-associated protein 2” in Chinese (1984/2012). At the same time, PubMed, Springer and e-book (full text) databases were retrieved with the key words of “spinal cord, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2)” in English (1984/2012). Totally 325 articles were retrieved, and finally 27 were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mcrotubule-associated protein 2 is not only a structural component of nerve cells, but also an active functional protein which participates in the process of neurons growth and damage repair; its expression intensities can reflect the developmental condition of spinal cord neurons. The descend of mcrotubule-associated protein 2 immune activity in spinal cord injury attracts increasing attention, and its high expression may play an important role in the reconstruction of synaptic structure and the compensation and repair of the injured nerve function. Through the test of the content and position of mcrotubule-associated protein 2, which could be used to study the proliferation, differentiation and migration of various human stem cells so as to explore the development and damage repair of central nervous system such as spinal cord.