膝关节损伤修复后的生物力学分析

背景：对膝关节及膝关节韧带进行生物力学分析是防止膝关节损伤和治疗膝关节疾病的基础。目的：总结膝关节损伤重建术中修复材料的应用进展及其修复后膝关节的生物力学特征。方法：以“膝关节、韧带、半月板、生物材料、生物力学”为中文关键词，以“ tissue enginneering，articular cartilage，scaffold material，biomechanics” 为英文关键词，采用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、PubMed数据库相关文章。重点对修复后膝关节的生物力学特征进行了讨论。结果与结论：生物力学研究证明膝关节后外侧结构在限制膝关节内翻，胫骨外旋、前移、后移有着重要作用。膝关节内韧带部分或完全断裂对股骨内髁生物力学特性均有不良影响，膝关节每条韧带又与其他韧带和组织协同完成某些方面的功能达到力学平衡，其中一条韧带断裂，平衡就会遭到破坏，各条韧带的应力分布将发生改变。膝关节的损伤类型与部位各有不同，修复与重建的材料与重建手段也各有不同，最终其生物力学表现特征各有不同。修复材料生物力学性能研究对于移植后膝关节生物塑形、愈合过程以及功能恢复都有很重要的作用。     

Biomechanical analysis following knee joint injury repair

BACKGROUND: The biomechanical analysis of knee joint and knee joint ligament can prevent knee joint injury and is the basis of treating knee joint disease. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application progress of repair materials during knee joint injury reconstruction and biomechanical features of knee joint after repair. METHODS: We retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed database for relevant articles. The key words were “tissue engineering, articular cartilage, scaffold material, biomechanics”. We discussed biomechanical characteristics of knee joint after repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biomechanical studies verified that posterolateral structure of knee joint plays an important role in confining knee joint introversion, external rotation, antelocation and retrusion of tibia. Partial or complete breakage of knee joint ligament had poor effects on biomechanical characteristics of femoral medial condyle. Each ligament of knee joint combined with other ligaments and tissues reached mechanical balance. If a ligament was broken, the balance would be damaged, and the stress distribution of each ligament should be changed. The injury type and site of knee joint were varied. Repair and reconstituted materials and reconstituted manners were various. Finally, the biomechanical characteristics were also varied. The biomechanical functions of repair materials played an important role in knee joint moulding, healing process and functional recovery following transplantation.