生物材料构建神经导管修复周围神经损伤的临床应用

背景：显微外科技术及周围神经损伤修复技术的发展与神经导管材料密切相关。神经导管的构建特别是生物材料构建神经导管材料还有待进一步开发研究。 目的：探讨生物材料构建的神经导管在周围神经损伤修复中的应用及数据分析。 方法：SCI数据库中2001/2010检索有关神经导管在周围神经损伤修复中的应用的文献，检索词为“神经导管(nerve conduit)；生物材料(biomaterials)；周围神经损伤(peripheral nerve injury)；神经再生(nerve regeneration)；壳聚糖神经导管(chitosan/chitin nerve conduit)；高分子神经导管(polymer/macromolecule nerve conduit)；胶原神经导管(collagen nerve conduit)”，共检索文献183篇。 结果与结论：神经导管修复法是在神经断端之间留有一段间隙，利用神经导管在神经的远端和近端之间桥接，并创造相对密闭的环境，以充分发挥远端神经的趋化作用，同时阻隔外部的影响，减少瘢痕的产生。目前，已被用于制备神经导管材料分为非神经组织、非生物降解材料、可生物降解材料。随着分子生物学及其他相关技术的发展，探索寻找理想的材料构建神经导管来治疗周围神经损伤研究始终在进行中。

Clinical application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury

BACKGROUND:The development of microsurgical techniques and repairing technology of peripheral nerve injury is closely associated to nerve conduit materials. The nerve conduit materials need to be further studied and developed. OBJECTIVE:To explore the application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury and to analyze the data results. METHODS:A retrieval was performed for the literature about the application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury, published between 2001-01 and 2010-12, using the key words of “nerve conduit, biomaterials, peripheral nerve injury, nerve regeneration, chitosan/chitin nerve conduit, polymer/macromolecule nerve conduit, collagen nerve conduit” in Science Citation Index (SCI) database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The repairing method of nerve conduit is to leave a gap between the nerve ends, bridge the distal and proximal nerve by nerve conduits, and create a relatively closed environment, to obstruct external influences, and reduce scar formation. At present, the nerve conduit materials are classified into non-neural tissues, non-biodegradable materials, and biodegradable materials. With the development of molecular biology and other related technologies, it is necessary to find ideal nerve conduits for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.