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Regulatory T cells for tolerance

Authors:	Kento Kawai Masateru Uchiyama Joanna Hester Kathryn Wood Fadi Issa

Affiliation:	Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom

Abstract:	Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune homeostasis and hold significant promise in the quest for transplantation tolerance. Progress has now reached a critical threshold as techniques for production of clinical therapies are optimised and Phase I/II clinical trials are in full swing. Initial safety and efficacy data are being reported, with trials assessing a number of different strategies for the introduction of Treg therapy. It is now more crucial than ever to elucidate further the function and behaviour of Tregs in vivo and ensure safe delivery. This review will discuss the current state of the art and future directions in Treg therapy.

Keywords:	aGvHD acute graft-versus-host disease aGvHD acute graft-vs-host disease AL acute leukemia AL acute leukemia APC antigen presenting cells arTreg alloantigen reactive T regulatory cell arTreg alloantigen-reactive T regulatory cell ATG anti-thymocyte globulin aTreg activated T regulatory cell aTreg activated Treg BMT bone marrow transplantation CAR chimeric antigen receptor cGvHD chronic graft-versus-host disease CNI calcineurin inhibitors CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 DC dendritic cell FACS fluorescent-activated cell sorting GMP good manufacturing practice GvHD graft-versus-host disease HLA human lymphocyte antigen HSC hematopoietic stem cells IDO indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IL interleukin IPEX immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked iTreg induced regulatory cell LDLT living donor liver transplantation mAb complex monoclonal antibody complex MMF mycophenolate mofetil NHP nonhuman primate nTreg natural T regulatory cell PBL peripheral blood lymphocyte PBSCT peripheral blood stem cell transplant pTreg peripheral T regulatory cell rTreg resting Treg SOT solid organ transplantation Tconv T conventional cell ThRIL TReg Immunotherapy in the setting of Liver transplantation Tr1 type 1 regulatory cell TSDR T regulatory cell-specific demethylated region tTreg thymus-derived T regulatory cell UCB umbilical cord blood Regulatory T cells T cell Tolerance Immunosuppression Humanized mouse
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