低矿物质饮水对兔血清矿物质水平和血液酸碱度的影响

目的 观察长期饮用低矿物质饮水后对机体矿物质水平及酸碱平衡的影响.方法 受试饮水分别为自来水[A,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solid, TDS)为 229.0 mg/L]、低矿水一(B,TDS:87.2 mg/L)、低矿水二(C,TDS:10.9 mg/L,在纯净水中人工添加氯化钾和硫酸镁)、低矿水三(D,TDS:1.2 mg/L,纯净水).健康雄性新西兰兔48只,采用随机数字表法分为4组,每组12只,分别自由饮用上述4种水12个月,期间观察体质量、24 h饮水量.第12个月末取静脉血采用以电极法为原理的全自动生化分析仪检测血清中钠、钾、钙、镁含量,取动脉血用血气分析测试片于便携式血气分析仪上检测酸碱度(pH)、二氧化碳总量(TCO2)、实际碳酸氢盐(AB-HCO-3)、剩余碱(BE)、二氧化碳分压[p(CO2)]、氧分压[p(O2)]、氧饱和度(SO2).结果 与A组相比,B、C、D组血钾均有升高趋势,其中C组的增高差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).同时,与A组相比,C组和B组的pH值显著性降低(P<0.05).3个低矿水组(B、C、D)的代谢性酸碱平衡指标TCO2、AB-HCO-3和BE都出现降低趋势,其中C组和B组的降低差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01),且低于同种动物正常范围下限,4组动物中C组(人工矿物质水)水平最低.结论 长期饮用低矿物质饮水可能会升高血钾水平,减少机体代谢性碱储备,降低血液pH值.对低矿物质饮水进行人工矿化时应该十分慎重,避免引发新的健康风险.

Effect of low mineral drinking water on serum mineral levels and acid-base equilibrium in New Zealand rabbits

Objective To determine the effects of low mineral drinking water (LMDW) for long time drinking on the serum minerals and blood acid-base equilibrium in male New Zealand rabbits.Methods Four kinds of drinking water were used in the experiment, that is, tap water [A, total dissolved solids (TDS), 229.0 mg/L], and LMDW water B, C and D (containing TDS 87.2, 10.9 and 1.2 mg/L respectively.Water C was artificially mineralized water with a small amount of KCl and MgSO2 added in purified water).Forty-eight male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 rabbits in each group, and were allowed free access to food and water A, B, C and D respectively for 12 months.Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the venous blood were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer based on electrode method.Arterial pH value, and blood levels of total CO2 (TCO2), actual bicarbonate (AB-HCO-3), residual alkali (BE), carbon dioxide partial pressure [p(CO2)], oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)], oxygen saturation (SO2) were analyzed by blood gas analyzer.Results Compared with the group A, the serum potassium was elevated in the groups B, C and D, and that in the group C was significant (P<0.05).The pH value was significantly lower in the groups B and C than the group A (P<0.05).However, the TCO2, AB-HCO-3 and BE levels of arterial blood were significantly decreased in groups B and C (P<0.05), and were still lower than the normal values.These levels in group C (artificial mineralized water) were the lowest in the 4 groups.Conclusion Drinking LMDW for a long time may heighten the serum potassium level, reduce the body metabolic alkali reserves and degrade pH value in the rabbits.So it should be very careful for artificial mineralization to avoid raising new health risks.