临床护理人员心理弹性特点及其与社会支持和应对方式的关系

目的 探讨临床护理人员心理弹性特点及其与社会支持和应对方式的关系.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,运用心理弹性量表、领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷,对某三级甲等综合医院1 560名临床护理人员进行调查,应用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析以及多元线性回归进行统计学分析.结果 临床护理人员的心理弹性得分为(64.71±12.66)分;各维度得分从高到低排序依次为力量、坚韧性、乐观性,心理弹性得分、坚韧性和力量维度显著低于我国女大学生(P＜0.01).不同职务、科室、工作年限、月收入、轮班形式、留职意愿及自觉心理弹性程度的临床护理人员心理弹性得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).心理弹性总分与领悟社会支持总分及各维度、积极应对呈显著正相关(P＜0.01).职务、留职意愿、自觉心理弹性程度、领悟社会支持总分及积极应对可解释心理弹性水平27.9％的变异量.结论 临床护理人员心理弹性水平较低.职务、留职意愿、自觉心理弹性程度、领悟社会支持总分及积极应对是其主要影响因素.

Characteristics of resilience in clinical nurses and its relationship with social support and coping style

Objective To investigate the characteristics of resilience,and analyze its relationship with social support and coping style among clinical nurses.Methods A total of 1 560 clinical nurses were sampled from a Grade 3 Class A hospital in Chongqing through random cluster sampling.The nurses were recruited and investigated with Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC),Perceived Social Support Scale,and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.The score of clinical nurses' resilience and influencing factors were analyzed through t-test,One-Way ANOVA,Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The total score of CD-RISC was 64.71 ± 12.66.In each dimension,the scores from high to low were strength,tenacity and optimism in order.The scores of resilience,tenacity dimension and strength dimension were significantly lower than those of the female college students in China (P ＜ 0.01).The differences of resilience were very significant among the nurses with different nursing posts,departments,work experiences,monthly salaries,shift methods,job retention and perceived degree of resilience (P ＜ 0.05).The total scores of resilience,perceived social support score and its dimensions,and positive coping were positively correlated with resilience (P ＜0.01).Nursing post,job retention,perceived degree of resilience,total score of perceived social support and positive coping were influencing factors of resilience,which could explain 27.9％ of the variance.Conclusion The level of resilience in clinical nurses is quite low.Nursing post,job retention,perceived degree of resilience,total score of perceived social support and positive coping are its main influencing factors.