Neurological complications of pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 infection: European case series and review |
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Authors: | Pinki Surana Shan Tang Marilyn McDougall Cheuk Yan William Tong Esse Menson Ming Lim |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina Children’s Hospital, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK;(2) Paediatric Intensive Care, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK;(3) Department of Paediatrics, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK;(4) Directorate of Infection, Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; |
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Abstract: | Neurological manifestations and outcomes of children with the 2009 H1N1 virus infection have been reported in three American
series and from smaller cohorts and case reports worldwide. Of the 83 children admitted between April 2009 and March 2010
with H1N1 virus infection to a tertiary children’s hospital in a European setting, five children aged between 2 and 10 years
had neurological symptoms. Four patients had seizures and encephalopathy at presentation. One patient presented with ataxia;
one developed neuropsychiatric manifestations, and two developed movement disorders during the disease course. Early neuroimaging
showed evidence of acute necrotising encephalopathy (ANE) in one case and non-specific white matter changes in another. Initial
neuroimaging was normal for the other three, but interval MRI showed increased signal in bilateral periventricular distribution
in one and significant cerebral volume loss in the other. Clinical outcomes varied: two recovered fully while three had residual
seizures and/or significant cognitive deficits. Conclusion An analysis of our patients along with all reported cases reveal that seizures and encephalopathy were common neurological
presentations associated with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection in children requiring hospital admission. Neuroimaging
suggestive of ANE, basal ganglia involvement and volume loss appears to be associated with worse neurological outcome. |
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