儿科急诊护士职业压力的现状及干预对策

目的调查儿科急诊护士职业压力的构成及现状,并探索解决职业压力的有效措施。方法方便性抽样选择2011年3-12月儿童医院在岗的55名急诊护士为研究对象,采用自行设计的的职业压力源调查表及缓解职业压力需求调查表对其进行调查,并分析其结果。结果引起急诊护士职业压力的诸多因素中以工作强度大、工作强度大且收入低、收入低于预期较为突出。不同年龄的护理人员在工作强度大、收入低于预期、职业前景堪忧、人际关系等条目上的评分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。减轻劳动强度及在缓解心理压力方面获得帮助是各年龄段护士缓解职业压力的最有效对策。不同年龄、职称、婚姻状况、护龄的护理人员对缓解职业压力需求的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论工作强度大、收入低于预期是儿科急诊护士主要职业压力源,适当减轻工作强度并在缓解心理压力上给予帮助,是解决儿科急诊护士职业压力的有效措施。

Investigation on Sources of Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies among Emergency Nurses of Children's Hospitals

Objective To investigate the sources of occupational stress of emergency nurses of children’s hospital,so as to explore effective coping strategies.Methods From March to December 2011,55 emergency nurses from shanghai children’s hospice were involved in the study.The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire to identify the sources of job stress and to determine the types of coping strategies.Results Perceived occupational stress was mainly associated with income lower than expected,high work intensity and both high strength and low income.Significant differences were observed on high work intensity,lower than expected income,bleak occupational outlook and interpersonal relationship（P0.05）.Conclusion High work intensity and lower than expected income are the main occupational stressors of pediatric emergency nurses.Reduction of labor intensity and aids to ease the psychological pressure were the effectives response for nurses to relieve occupational stress.