珠海市吸毒人群HIV和梅毒感染状况分析

目的了解珠海市吸毒人群HIV感染状况及其危险行为,为在该人群中开展干预策略提供依据。方法定期对珠海市戒毒所的吸毒人员进行调查,按照统一调查表填写,Excel录入,用SASV8进行统计分析,同时采集静脉血5ml,HIV抗体检测用酶联免疫试剂,初筛阳性标本用蛋白印记法(WB)进行确证;梅毒抗体检测采用ELISA法。结果1264名吸毒者中,检出69例HIV抗体阳性,阳性率为5.46%。静脉注射者比单一口吸者HIV感染率高;共用注射器者比非共用注射器者HIV感染率高;在静脉注射吸毒者中,具有不同注射年限者分为<1年组、1～年组、>5年三组,HIV感染率>5年组最高,其次为1～年组,最低为<1年组。对1264名吸毒者进行梅毒抗体的检测,阳性82份,阳性率为6.49%。在安全套的使用情况中,未用过或有时用组比每次都用组梅毒感染率高;在最近一次有否使用安全套分组中,未使用组比有使用组梅毒感染率高。结论静脉吸毒是吸毒人群感染HIV的主要途径,共用注射器具是HIV感染的主要危险因素,安全套的使用与否是影响梅毒感染率的主要因素,切断HIV从吸毒人群向一般人群扩散是HIV防治工作的关键,因此应进一步加强宣传和干预措施的力度。

Survey of HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Among Drug Users in Zhuhai City

Objective To understand the situation of HIV prevalence among drug users in Zhuhai, and to provide the evidence for working out the intervention strategies. Methods All the drug users in the drug rehabilitation center were investigated termly through the questionnaire, their serum samples were collected for HIV and syphilis serological test by ELISA and their HIV positive samples were confirmed by Westernblot(WB) . Results It was found 69 anti-HIV positives in the 1,264 drug users, the positive rate was 5.46%. HIV infection rate in IDUs was higher than the inhaling drug users; HIV infection rate in IDUs with experience of injection equipment sharing was higher than those of non-sharing injection equipment. Chronic long term IDU was also a risk factor, HIV infection rate in IDUs more than 5 years was the highest, the next was more than 1 year and the lowest was those less than 1 year. Altogether 82 anti-syphilis antibody positives were found in the 1,264 drug users, the positive rate was 6.49%. The rate of syphilis infection was related with commercial sexual behavior, the rate of syphilis infection in those condom users was lower than those non-condom users or casual users; and those condom users during their last sexual intercourses had lower syphilis infection rate. Conclusion IDU is the main route of HIV infection, injection equipment sharing is the key risk factor of HIV transmission. Condom using is the important factor that would reduce the syphilis infection rate. To cut down the HIV-transmission from drug users to common people, population is a key step; and enhancing propaganda and intervention to drug users is necessary.