鹿、羊和人腰椎生物学参数的比较及其意义

目的:比较鹿、羊和人腰椎的生物学参数，探讨梅花鹿作为脊椎内固定动物模型的可行性，为相关医学研究和体内动物实验提供实验动物腰椎的形态学参数、骨密度和生物力学数据。方法:选取新鲜鹿、羊腰椎各10套，新鲜东北男性尸体腰椎10套，对3组腰椎椎体和椎弓根进行形态学观测，对椎体松质骨密度、极限应力和弹性模量进行测量及比较。结果:鹿、羊和人椎弓根高（右侧）比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01），其中鹿最大，羊次之，人最小。鹿、羊和人椎弓根宽（右侧）比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01），其中人最大，鹿其次，羊最小。鹿、羊和人椎间盘前高比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），其中人最大，鹿其次，羊最小。鹿、羊和人腰椎表观密度、弹性模量及极限应力各组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），其中羊最大，鹿次之，人最小。结论:梅花鹿腰椎在解剖形态学和生物力学方面较羊更接近人类，更适合用于建立脊椎内固定动物模型。

Comparisons of biological parameters among deer,sheep and human lumbar and their significances

Objective To study the feasibility of vertebral internal fixation using deer as animal models by comparing the biological parameters of deer,sheep and human lumbar and to provide the morphological parameters,the bone density,and the biomechanical data of laboratory animals for related medical research.Methods 10 sets of fresh sika deer lumbar,10 sets of fresh sheep lumbar,and 10 sets of fresh lumbar of male cadavers were selected as the materials.The morphological observation of the lumbar vertebral bodies and pedicles of three groups were taken,and the cancellous bone density,ultimate stress and elastic modulus were measured and compared.Results There were significant differences of heights of right vertebral pedicles between three groups(P<0.01);the deer had the largest one,the sheep followed,and the human had the smallest one.There were remarkable differences of the widths of right vertebral pedicles and anterior disc heights between three groups(P<0.05);the human had the largest one,the deer followed,and the sheep had the smallest one.There were significant differeces of apparent density,elastic modulus and ultimate stress between three groups(P<0.05);the sheep had the largest one,the deer followed,and the human had the smallest one.Conclusion Deer lumbar is more similar as that of human according to anatomic form and biomechanics compared with the sheep lumbar.Therefore,deer is a more suitable to set up animal model for vertebral internal fixation research.