天然药物中植物雌激素样化学成分的研究进展

植物雌激素是一类存在于植物中,能与机体的雌激素受体结合,产生雌激素样作用的非甾体类化合物。根据化学结构,可将植物雌激素分为异黄酮类、香豆素类、木脂素类及其他结构类型的化合物。植物雌激素为选择性雌激素受体调节剂,对乳腺癌,前列腺癌,心血管疾病,更年期综合征和骨质疏松症等具有确切的治疗作用,但对子宫和乳腺等雌激素受体阳性的其他组织器官不会产生刺激增生等副作用。长期暴露或过量使用植物雌激素对雄性生殖系统和胎儿的造血功能有一定的影响。植物雌激素生物活性的评价标准、不良反应、作用机制等需要进一步探讨。该文综述了植物雌激素的植物来源、化学结构、药理作用和安全性等最新研究进展,以为其深入研究和合理利用提供依据。

Research progress of phytoestrogens-like chemical constituents in natural medicines

Phytoestrogens, which can bind with estrogen receptor and produce estrogen-like effects, are a kind of nonsteroidal compound in plant. Phytoestrogens chemically include isoflavones, coumarins, lignans and other compounds. Phytoestrogens are selective estrogen receptor modulator, and have therapeutical effects on breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and other disease, however, do not produce stimulatory hyperplasia effects on uterus, mammary glands and other tissues and organs with positive estrogen receptor. Long-term exposure or excessive use of phytoestrogens maybe affects male reproductive system and hematopoietic function of fetus. Some questions need to be further studied, such as evaluation criteria on biological activity, adverse effects, and action mechanism of phytoestrogen. This review covers plant sources, chemical structure, pharmacological activity and safety of phytoestrogens. It will provide a useful reference for intensive research and rational utilization the phytoestrogens.