大动脉炎性脑缺血的临床对策

目的 探讨大动脉炎颈部动脉阻塞所致重症脑缺血的临床对策。方法 1984至2003年间共收治103例,女性占92例。行升主动脉-双颈内动脉（ICA）架桥7例,升主动脉-腋动脉、单侧ICA架桥38例,升主动脉-双腋动脉架桥6例（2例施二期手术,人工血管-左ICA架桥）,升主动脉至右ICA架桥3例（2例于二期完成人工血管至左ICA架桥术）,经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）5例,支架3例。结果 27例行保守治疗,其中9例好转,15例略有改善或基本无变化,发生偏瘫及死于中风和心肌梗死各1例。76例实施手术或介入治疗。其中手术治疗者68例,55例（80．9％）获得平均48个月的随访,随访结果：满意20例（36．4％）、较好21例（38．2％）、改善11例（20．0％）、无变化2例（3．6％）、死亡1例（1．8％）。8例接受介入治疗（PTA或支架治疗）者即时疗效佳,但在3～5个月内均复发。结论 提倡进行升主动脉-腋动脉-单侧ICA重建,或对锁骨下动脉窃血者施行升主动脉与双腋动脉重建术,如果需要,二者均可行人工血管二期手术,重建对侧ICA。

Challenges in management of cerebral ischemia due to Takayasu's arteritis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the management of cerebral ischemia caused by Takayasu's arteritis. METHODS: One hundred and three cases treated from 1984 to 2003 were reviewed including 92 females. Seven cases underwent ascending aorta to bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) bypass, 38 cases to the axillary artery with graft to single ICA bypass. Six cases underwent ascending aorta to axillary bypass with 3 graft to single ICA bypasses as the second stage surgery. Three cases underwent ascending aorta to right ICA bypass with 2 graft to left ICA bypasses as well as 6 subclavian to carotid bypass, PTA in 5 and stenting in 3 cases, etc. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with less clinical severity received conservative therapy, 9 of them had mostly temporarily improvement, 15 had slight improvement or basically no change, 1 had hemiplegia and 2 died of stroke and myocardial infarction respectively. Surgically, the short-term effective rate was 87% and operative death 7.8%. Fifty-five patients were followed up, a mean follow-up time was 48 months, and the follow-up rate was 80.9%. The excellently, good, fair, no change and death rate were 36.4%, 38.2%, 20.0%, 3.6% and 1.8% respectively. All patients with PTA or stent had an immediate good response and all recurred within 3 to 5 months. CONCLUSIONS: For treating severe cerebral ischemia caused by Takayasu's arteritis, the ascending aorta to axillary and single ICA reconstruction or the ascending aorta-bilateral axillary bypass for patients with subclavian steal syndrome is advocated; second stage operation from graft to contralateral ICA can be carried out if necessary.