中药废渣制备有机肥的生产技术工艺研究

[目的]考察并建立高效、快速发酵中药渣制备有机肥的生产技术工艺，确定合适的发酵条件。[方法]采用间歇动态好氧发酵方法，以温度、有机质、氮、磷及钾为质量评价指标，单因素考察含水量、碳氮比、翻堆频率及适宜菌剂，筛选出最优发酵条件及最佳复合菌剂组合；设计正交实验，基于纤维素与木质素含量变化，确定最佳的中药渣发酵生产技术工艺。[结果]筛选出3种适宜有机肥发酵剂为细黄链霉菌、黑曲霉、地衣芽孢杆菌，确定最佳中药渣高效降解复合菌种组配比为细黄链霉菌∶细菌（地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌）∶真菌（黑曲霉、绿色木霉）=1∶2∶2，制备周期为35 d，最优发酵生产技术工艺为初始含水量50%，碳氮比为35∶1，翻堆频率为10 d/次，复合菌剂接种量为1.5%，中药渣中纤维素降解率可达到76.97%，木质素降解率达33.59%。研究结果表明，影响因素的主次顺序为翻堆频率>碳氮比>复合菌剂添加量>含水量。[结论]研究中堆肥参数工艺准确可靠，效率高，有效提高中药渣的降解率，可进一步尝试扩大生产推广运用。

Research on production technology of organic fertilizer from Chinese medicinal herbal residues

[Objective] To investigate and establish an efficient and rapid fermentation of traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) herbal residues to prepare organic fertilizer production technology and determine appropriate fermentation conditions. [Methods] Taking intermittent dynamic aerobic fermentation method,using temperature,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as quality evaluation indicators,single factor investigation of water content,carbon-nitrogen ratio,turnover frequency and suitable bacteria,screening out the optimal fermentation conditions and the best compound bacterial agent combination;design orthogonal experiment,based on the change of cellulose and lignin content,determine the best fermentation production technology of Chinese herb residues. [Results] Three suitable starters for organic fertilizer were selected as streptomyces flavus,aspergillus niger and bacillus licheniformis,and the best combination of Chinese herb residues for high-efficiency degradation of compound strains was determined:streptomyces flavus:bacteria(bacillus licheniformis,bacillus licheniformis,bacillus subtilis):fungus(aspergillus niger,trichoderma viride)=1:2:2,the preparation cycle is 35 days,and the optimal fermentation production technology is 50% initial water content,the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 35:1,and turnover frequency is 10 days/time,and the compound inoculation amount is 1.5%,the degradation rate of cellulose in Chinese herb residues can reach 76.97%,and the degradation rate of lignin can reach 33.59%. The research results show that the primary and secondary order of influencing factors is turnover frequency>carbon-nitrogen ratio>compound bacteria addition amount>water content. [Conclusion] The composting parameters in this research are accurate and reliable,with high efficiency,effectively improving the degradation rate of Chinese herb residues,and can further expand the production and application.