Health promotion in the city: A structured review of the literature on interventions to prevent heart disease, substance abuse, violence and HIV infection in us metropolitan areas, 1980–1995 |
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Authors: | Dr Nicholas Freudenberg DrPH Ms Diana Silver MPH Mr Jenniferm M Carmona MPH Mr Daniel Kass MSPH Mr Brick Lancaster MA CHES Dr Marjorie Speers PhD |
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Institution: | (1) Health Research Program Robert Wagner School of Public Policy, New York University, New York City;(2) Hunter College Center on AIDS, Drugs and Community Health, New York City;(3) Center on Occupational and Environmental Health at Hunter College, New York City;(4) Hunter College, Program in Urban Public Health, 425 East 25th Street, 10010 New York, NY |
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Abstract: | To achieve its national public health goals, the US must improve the health of low-income urban populations. To contribute
to this process, this study reviewed published reports of health promotion interventions designed to prevent heart disease,
HIV infection, substance abuse, and violence in US cities. The study's objectives were to describe the target populations,
settings, and program characteristics of these interventions and to assess the extent to which these programs followed accepted
principles for health promotion. Investigators searched five computerized databases and references of selected articles for
articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1980 and 1995. Selected articles listed as a main goal primary prevention
of one of four index conditions; were carried out within a US city; included sufficient information to characterize the intervention;
and organized at least 25% of its activities within a community setting. In general, programs reached a diverse population
of low-income city residents in a variety of settings, employed multiple strategies, and recognized at least some of the principles
of effective health promotion. Most programs reported a systematic evaluation. However, many programs did not involve participants
in planning, intervene to change underlying social causes, last more than a year, or tailor for the subpopulations they targeted,
limiting their potential effectiveness. Few programs addressed the unique characteristics of urban communities.
Mr. Lancaster is with the Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,
and Dr. Speers is with the Office of the Associate Director for Science, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The research described in this report was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All views expressed
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their institution. |
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Keywords: | Health Promotion Heart Disease HIV Prevention Substance Abuse Urban Health Violence |
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