西尼罗热研究进展

西尼罗病毒属黄病毒科,为单股正链RNA病毒。它感染人类导致发展为西尼罗热。主要宿主动物为鸟类,蚊虫为传播媒介。该病在欧洲及中亚地区散发,小规模流行,于1999年在美国暴发流行及随后在北美的流行引起极大关注。另外,蚊虫叮咬以外的传播途径,如输血、器官移植、母婴传播等日益受到人们的重视,且目前还没有预防该病的疫苗。该病具有传染性强,重症病例多和病死率高的特点,对人类健康和生命安全造成较大威胁。现就西尼罗热的病原学、流行病学、临床学、实验室诊断及预防控制的研究进展做一综述。

Advances in research on West Nile fever

West Nile virus(WNV) is a positive,single strand RNA virus belonging to Flavivridae that causes infectious West Nile fever(WNF) in human beings.Birds are the main host of WNV,and mosquitoes the main transmitting vector.WNF has been endemic in the Europe and middle-west Asia for decades.The outbreak of WNF in the United States in 1999 and subsequent epidemics in North America in the following years have caused great concerns.Moreover,greater concerns have arisen from other transmitting routes besides mosquito bites,such as blood transfusion,organ transplantation and vertical transmission.As there is no vaccine available for prevention of WNF,the condition is associated with significant threat to public health and life security due to the high infection rate,the increasing number of severe cases and high mortality rate.This paper unfolds a comprehensive discussion about the etiology,epidemiology clinical,lab diagnosis,prevention and surveillance of WNF.