沿海产盐区与非产盐区8～10岁儿童碘营养与智力水平分析

目的 了解和比较沿海产盐区和非产盐区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况与智力水平,为采取针对性防治措施提供依据.方法 选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区的小学为调查点,8～10岁儿童为调查对象,调查其家中碘盐食用情况、尿碘含量、甲状腺肿大情况和智商水平.结果 产盐区和非产盐区儿童合格碘盐食用率分别为81.5%和98.6%;甲状腺肿大率分别为3.0%和0.7%,尿碘中位数分别为202.8 μg/L和238.4 μg/L,＜50 μg/L的比例分别为3.5%和1.0%.产盐区8～10岁儿童智商均明显低于非产盐区儿童;产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童;非产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童,9岁儿童智商明显高于10岁儿童.结论 补碘能提高儿童智商,降低智力损害.要坚持食用碘盐,开展对孕妇、哺乳妇的碘营养监测.

Analysis on iodine nutritional status and intelligent development of children aged 8～10 in coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas

Objective To know and compare the iodine nutritional status and intelligent development of children aged 8～10 years old in coastal salt-producing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen City,and provide the evidence for taking the optimal measurements of IDD control.Methods All 8～10 year old children from schools were chosen in Xiang＇an salt-producing areas and the Jimei non-salt-producing areas.Iodine content in edible salt at household level,the urinary iodine,total goiter rate and the status of the intelligence quotient（IQ） of the 8～10 year old children were observed.Results The edible qualified iodinated salt rate of the salt-producing areas and non-salt-producing areas were 81.5% and 98.6% respectively;the 8～10 year old children＇s goiter rate of the two areas were 3.0% and 0.7% respectively,the median of urinary iodine were 202.8 and 238.4 μg/L respectively,the proportion of urine-iodine level 50 μg/L were 3.5% and 1.0% respectively.IQ of children in the coastal salt-producing areas was significantly lower than the coastal non-salt-producing areas;the children aged 8,9,10 was significantly lower than the coastal non-salt-producing areas.IQ of children aged 8 in salt-producing areas was significantly higher than that of the children aged 9,10.IQ of children aged 8 in coastal non-salt-producing areas was significantly higher than that of the children aged 9,10;children aged 9 was significantly higher than that of the children aged 10.Conclusions Supplementing iodine can increase the child IQ and reduce the child mental retardation.We must insist on intaking qualified iodine salt,the supervision of iodine nutrition status of pregnant women and breastfeeding women should be carried out.