支气管哮喘患儿心理行为问题与家庭管理方式特征研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患儿的心理行为问题与家庭管理方式的特征及相关性。方法采取整群随机抽样方法，抽取2012年至2013年在唐山市4家三级甲等医院内就诊的哮喘患儿的母亲或父亲150名为研究对象，采用家长用儿童行为量表和家庭管理测量量表中文版进行调查。结果哮喘患儿的心理行为问题检出率为23．7％，高于国内常模（12．97％）（x^2=12．34，P〈0．05）；男孩主要表现为社交退缩、交往不良和攻击性表现，女孩主要表现为抑郁、社交退缩和分裂样；患儿的社交退缩、交往不良等行为异常表现与患儿的日常生活状况、父母疾病管理能力和父母相互支持呈负相关（r=-0．21，-0．25，-0．29，P〈0．05），与父母对疾病担心状况、父母疾病管理困难状况和父母疾病精力消耗状况呈正相关（r=0．26，0．24，P〈0．05）。结论哮喘患儿的心理行为问题检出率较高，家庭管理方式呈忍耐型，医护人员应积极提供家庭支持，改善患儿的家庭管理方式，促进患儿的心理行为健康。

Study on the relationship between behavioural problems of child with asthma and family management style

Objective To explore the psychological behavioral features and problems of child with bronchial asthma （asthma） and family management style. Methods Cluster random sampling was conducted to recruit 150 caregivers whose child suffered from asthma in 4 Third-Grade Class-A hospitals in Tangshan from 2012 to 2013. One hundred and fifty caregivers were investigated by chiild behavior checklist and family management measure. Results The rate of abnormal behavior was higher in asthmatic children （23.9%） than that in healthy children （12.97%） ,（ x^2= 12.34, P〈 0.05）. Asthmatic ehildrenr s behavioral problems mainly included had communication, social withdrawn, aggressive behaviour in boys and depression, social withdrawn and schizoid behavior in girls. Asthmatic children＇s behavioural problems were negatively associated with child daily life, parental management ability and parental mutuality （ r = -0.21, -0.25, -0.29, P 〈 0.05）, and positively correlated with parental worries about the disease,family life difficulty and state of parental energy exhaust （ r = 0.26,0.24, P 0.05）. Conclusions The rate of abnormal behavior was high in child with asthma. The model of family management is mainly bearing with asthmatic child. Medical staff should provide family support to promote rehabilitation of psychological behavior of asthmatic child.