四川省2018年与2014年7~18周岁中小学生形态发育现状对比分析

目的 了解2018年与2014年四川省7~18周岁中小学生形态学指标变化情况,为近五年来中小学生超重和肥胖变化情况提供基础数据。方法 本次调查采用整群抽样方法,2018年和2014年共抽取了28 754名7~18周岁中小学生,其中2018年抽取中小学生23 977人,2014年共抽取中小学生4 777人,检测中小学生的身高、体重等形态发育指标,并计算出中小学生超重、肥胖检出率。结果 2018年与2014年中小学生平均身高和平均体重差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2018年与2014年中小学生男生超重检出率分别为12.78%和14.79%,2018年男生超重检出率比2014年男生超重检出率略低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2018年与2014年中小学生女生肥胖检出率分别为6.44%和4.58%,2018年女生肥胖检出率比2014年女生肥胖检出率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 近五年来,四川省中小学生平均身高和体重无明显变化;在超重和肥胖方面,男生超重检出率有所下降,女生肥胖检出率有所上升;建议加强对中小学生女生肥胖发生的防控,积极促进中小学女生改善饮食结构,鼓励多参加体育运动,抑制肥胖在女生中快速增长的趋势。

Comparative analysis of the morphological development of primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 years in Sichuan Province in 2018 and 2014

Objective To understand the morphological changes of primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Sichuan province in 2018 and 2014,so as to provide basic data for the changes in overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in the past five years. Methods Cluster sampling was used in this survey.A total of 28 754 primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 were selected in 2018 and 2014.Among them,23 977 primary and middle school students were selected in 2018,4 777 primary and secondary school students were selected in 2014.The height and weight of the students were measured,and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for analysis of overweight and obesity. Results There was no statistically significant difference on average height and average weight between 2018 and 2014 (P>0.05).The detection rate of overweight male students in 2018(12.87%) was slightly lower than that in 2014(14.79%),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The detection rate of obesity female students in 2018(6.44%) was higher than that in 2014(4.58%),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions There has been no significant change in the average height and weight of primary and middle school students in Sichuan Province over the past five years.The detection rate of overweight among male students decreases,and the detection rate of obesity among female students increases.To control the rapid increase in obesity among girls in primary and middle school students in Sichuan Province,improving dietary structure and taking part in more physical activities are encouraged.