新疆地区新生儿听力筛查未通过转诊婴儿听力学评估

目的 分析新疆地区听力筛查未通过婴儿的听力诊断结果,为早期干预提供依据。方法 2018-2019年对350例因新生儿听力复筛未通过而转诊至新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院的婴儿进行客观听力学评估,分别利用听性脑干反应、声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射进行评估。结果 350例婴儿(700耳)中听力正常者104例(29.71%),单耳听力损失者75例(21.43%),双耳听力损失者171例(48.86%),各民族间听力损失婴幼儿检出率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.362,P>0.05)。700耳中轻、中、重、极重度听力损失分别为130耳(18.57%)、151耳(21.57%)、59耳(8.43%)、76耳(10.86%),轻中度听力损失婴儿中负峰型鼓室图检出率显著高于重度及以上听力损失婴儿(χ²=55.878, P<0.05)。感音神经性听力损失280耳,传导性听力损失136耳。结论 中耳问题是轻中度听力损失婴幼儿听力筛查未通过的重要影响因素。婴幼儿听力损失的评估是一个持续性的过程,需要多种检测方法定期复查和综合评定。

Hearing evaluation of transferred infants that failed in hearing screening in Xinjiang

Objective To analyze the audiological results of infants who failed in the hearing screening in Xinjiang, in order to provide scientific basis for early intervention. Methods A total of 350 neonates,who failed in the hearing screening and were referred to People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,were enrolled in this study, and their Objective hearing was evaluated by auditory brainstem response, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and tympanometry. Results Among the 350 infants(700 ears), 104(29.71%) infants were with normal hearing, 75(21.43%) infants showed monaural hearing loss, and 171(48.86%) infants showed binaural hearing loss.There was no significant difference on the detection rate of hearing loss among different ethnic groups(χ²=0.362, P＞0.05).There were 130 ears with mild hearing loss (18.57%), 151 ears with moderate hearing loss (21.57%), 59 ears with severe hearing loss (8.43%), and 76 ears with very severe hearing loss (10.86%).The detection rate of negative peak tympanogram in infants with mild to moderate hearing loss was significantly higher than that in infants with severe and extremely severe hearing loss(χ²=55.878, P＜0.05).Moreover, 280 ears with identified with sensorineural hearing loss and 136 ears with conductive hearing loss. Conclusions Middle ear problem is an important influencing factor of failure in hearing screening of infants with mild and moderate hearing loss.The assessment of hearing loss in infants is a continuous process, requiring regular review and comprehensive assessment with multiple detection methods.