Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for reduction of proteinuria in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

The effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on proteinuria, renal function, and serum proteins were evaluated in six children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria of 3–15 g/24h (277±47 mg/m² per hour). Following ACEI, proteinuria decreased from 7,408±2,385 (mean±SEM) to 3,746±1,395 mg/24 h (P<0.05). Creatinine clearance was 87.8±22.6 before and 96.4±23.6 ml/min per 1.73 m² after ACEI. In two patients, inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearances were normal before and after ACEI, together with parallel reductions of urine protein of 50% and 46%. Clearance of total protein was reduced by 56% following ACEI, compared with reduction in the clearance of gamma globulin by 58% and albumin by 39.5%. No significant change was seen in blood pressure, serum albumin, or total protein following ACEI. After ACEI, diuretic doses were able to be reduced or eliminated in three patients. Reduction of proteinuria was sustained during a followup period of 11–20 months in three patients. ACEI may be of benefit in the clinical management of children with steroidresistant nephrotic syndromes, allowing reduction in diuretic requirements.