42例住院老年患者误吸异物分析与防范

目的分析住院老年患者误吸异物原因，探讨有效的护理防范措施。方法收集2003年5月～2008年8月住本院发生误吸的42例高龄老年患者，其中男23例，女19例，平均年龄（81±7）岁，对其误吸原因及相关因素进行分析。结果发生误吸的主要伴随疾病是脑血管病、肺部感染、重度老年性痴呆、口咽部晚期肿瘤；误吸的异物大致分为三类，食物、呕吐物和痰液，以食物居多；痰液误吸多发生在夜间，而食物、呕吐物误吸多发生在进食时段。高龄老年患者误吸死亡率高。结论高龄、伴发脑血管疾病、肺部感染、口咽部恶性肿瘤等是老年患者发生误吸的重要因素；而不恰当食物和饮食护理增加了误吸的发生；高龄老年患者误吸抢救成功率较低。落实有效的护理防范和救治措施，是减少误吸和提高抢救成功率的关键。

Analysis and Prevention of 42 Cases of the Hospitalized Geriatric Patients with Accidental Inhalation

Objective Analysis of the causes of the hospitalized geriatric patients with accidental inhalation to explore the effectively preventive care measures. Method the causes of the accidental inhalation Of 42 patients occurred in the hospital, of whom 23 cases were male and 19 female, the average age of 80.7±6.8 years old were collected in May 2003 to August 2008, and their related factors were analyzed. Results The main diseases accompanied with the accidental inhalation were a brain disease, lung infection, severe Alzheimer＇s disease, advanced oropharyngeal tumor. The foreign bodies accidentally inhaled can be divided into three categories; food, vomit and sputum, and the majority was food. Sputum fluid accidentally inhaled occurred at night, and the food, vomit accidentally inhaled occurred in the time of eating. Geriatric patients with accident inhalation had high mortality. Conclusion Senior ages, cerebrovascular diseases, lung infections, orophayngeal cancer in geriatric patients are the important factors for accidental inhalation. Improper food and eating care are the main causes to in- crease the incidence of accidental inhalation. The successful rate of saving the senior geriatric patients with accidental inhalation was lower. The implementation of effectively preventive care and saving measure is the key to reduce the accidental inhalation and to improve the successful rate.