荨麻疹患者特异性IgE及过敏原检测与分析

目的为进一步了解荨麻疹的致病因素及各种因素之间的相互关系。方法采用过敏原体外检测试剂盒、自体血清皮肤试验及斑贴试验等方法对不同类型荨麻疹患者进行血清特异性IgE、自身抗体及接触性过敏原检测。结果116例患者中有84例(72.4%)至少有一项过敏原阳性。至少一项强阳性的16例,强阳性率为13.8%。各种物质的阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。53例自体血清皮肤试验有20例(37.7%)出现阳性反应。有26例同时进行了上述2项试验。14例自体血清皮肤试验阳性的荨麻疹患者血清特异性IgE均无强阳性反应,而12例自体血清皮肤试验阴性的患者中有4例(33.3%)呈强阳性反应(P<0.05)。对21例慢性荨麻疹患者进行斑贴试验,有19例(90.5%)至少对其中一种物质过敏。20种物质中有15项出现阳性,其中重铬酸钾、硫酸镍、橡胶的阳性率达到了38.1%。结论荨麻疹的病因是多方面的,既有可能对外界物质过敏,又有可能存在自身免疫的问题。同一患者可能同时存在2种不同类型的变态反应;接触性过敏原可引起接触性荨麻疹。

Specific IgE, Autoantibody, Contact Allergens and Their Relationship in Urticaria

Objective To investigate the role of serum specific IgE(sIgE)antibodies,autoantibody and contact allergens in the pathogenesis of urticaria and the possible correlation among them.Methods The serum sIgE antibodies,autoantibody and contact allergens were tested by IVT kit,autologous serum test-ing and patch testing in145cases of urticaria.Results72.4%(84/116)of patients were positive with spe-cific IgE antibodies,among them13.8%(16/116)were strongly positive.37.7%(20/53)patients were pos-itive with autologous serum testing.In twenty-six patients the above two antibodies were tested.Specific IgE antibodies were found to be strongly positive in4(33.3%)of12patients with negative autologous testing,while in none of14patients with positive autologous testing.Patch testing was performed in21patients with chronic urticaria,90.5%(19/21)patients were positive to15of20allergens tested.Conclusion The pathogenesis of urticaria is complicated,which may include allergy to food,aeroallergens,contact allergens,as well as autoimmunity.Different allergic reactions may be present in the same individual.Contact allergens may be the factor responsible for contact urticaria.