改良大骨瓣开颅个体化外减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤伴急性硬膜下血肿

目的 分析改良大骨瓣开颅个体化减压术对重型颅脑损伤伴急性硬膜下血肿治疗效果和手术方法. 方法 回顾性分析2007年7月-2010年6月采用改良大骨瓣开颅个体化减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤伴急性硬膜下血肿患者81例(治疗组)与2004年7月-2007年6月采用标准外伤大骨瓣减压治疗同样的患者65例(对照组)的治疗效果. 结果 伤后6个月GOS评估法判定其疗效:治疗组良好(5分)21例,中残(4分)19例,重残(3分)24例,植物生存(2分)5例,死亡(1分)12例(P＜0.01),预后较好(良好/中残)占49%(P＜0.05),预后较差或差(重残/植物生存/死亡)占51%;对照组良好(5分)12例,中残(4分)9例,重残(3分)22例,植物生存(2分)3例,死亡(1分)19例,预后较好占32%,预后较差占68%.治疗组并发术后颅内血肿、硬膜下积液明显少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 改良大骨瓣开颅个体化减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤伴急性硬膜下血肿有较好疗效,能有效降低大骨瓣减压术后并发症的发生.

Modified large decompressive craniectomy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of modified large decompressive craniectomy in treatment of severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out to compare the clinical outcome of large decompressive craniectomy (treatment group) for 81 patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma from July 2007 to June 2010 and that of standard large trauma decompressive craniectomy (control group) for 65 patients with same injuries from July 2004 to June 2007. Results According to the Glasgow outcome scale at the end of month 6 after injury, there were 21 patients (GCS 5 points) with good recovery, 19 (GCS4 points) with moderate deficit, 24 (GCS 3 points) with severe deficit, five (GCS 2 points) under persistent vegetative status and 12 (GCS 1 points) deaths in the treatment group,with good prognosis rate (good recovery and moderate deficit) of 49% (P ＜ 0.05) and poor prognosis rate of 51%. However, only 21 patients got favorable outcome, including 12 patients (GCS 5 points)with good recovery and nine (GCS 4 points) with moderate deficit; 44 patients got unfavorable outcome (68%), including 22 patients (GCS 3 points) with severe deficit, three (GCS 2 points) under persistent vegetative status and 19 (GCS 1 points) deaths in the control group (P ＜0.05). Furthermore, the incidences of delayed intracranial hematomas and subdural collection of fluid in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Modified large decompressive craniectomy can significantly improve the outcome and reduce complications of patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma.