L’oxymétrie cérébrale transcutanée en anesthésie pédiatrique

Cerebral oximetry allows continuous real-time and non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation (cSO₂), by measuring oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin near infrared light absorption, similarly to pulse oximetry. cSO₂ measurement predominantly reflects brain venous compartment, and is correlated with jugular venous saturation. As jugular venous saturation, cSO₂ must therefore be interpreted as a measure of balance between transport and consumption of O₂ in the brain. Cerebral oximetry should be used as a trend monitoring, because its accuracy is insufficient to be considered as reliable measure of absolute value of ScO₂. In adult, correction of intraoperative cerebral desaturation reduces hospital stay, heavy morbidity and mortality, and serious postoperative neurocognitive impairment after cardiac and major abdominal surgery. In children, the occurrence of intra- and postoperative cerebral desaturations during congenital heart surgery is associated with increased neurological morbi-mortality. Cerebral oximetry could be a useful monitoring during anaesthesia of (ex) preterm neonates, due to the risk of impaired cerebral blood flow autoregulation in these patients.