北京市高一学生父母养育方式的现况调查

目的 了解北京市高一学生父母养育方式现况，探索父母养育方式的可能影响因素，为开展父母养育方式的教育提供依据。方法 以分层整群抽样的方法进行现况调查，采用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、人格诊断问卷第4版(PDQ-4)和一般情况问卷，调查北京市9574名高中一年级学生。结果 母亲的拒绝、情感温暖、过度保护和偏爱因子得分均高于父亲，父亲与母亲EMBU相同因子高度相关(T≥0．7)；因子分析结果表明，父母养育方式相同因子可以合并为一个因子；多元线性回归分析结果表明，父母养育方式受父母关系、受教育程度、年龄以及家庭收入、居住地、子女性别等多种因素的影响。人格偏离组的父母拒绝、过度保护和偏爱得分高于对照组，父母的情感温暖得分低于正常对照组。结论 父母养育方式受多种因素影响，父母养育方式在大多数家庭是比较一致的，且母亲在养育子女的过程中起重要作用。青少年人格偏离与不良的父母养育方式关系密切。

A Cross-sectional Study of Parental Rearing Styles among First Year Senior High School Students in Beijing

Objective To understand parental rearing styles of high school students and to explore psychosocial factors that influence parental rearing styles. Methods By means of stratified cluster sampling, 9 574 senior high school students at grade 1 in urban and rural Beijing were investigated by using Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Version(PDQ-4), and General Informational Questionnaire. Results Scores in rejection, emotional warmth, over-protection, and favoring subject for mothers were higher than those for fathers. Paternal and maternal rearing styles showed strong correlations. The factor analysis revealed that the same parental EMBU factors could be united. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that relationship of parents, parental educational level and age, family incomes, residential area and childre's sex might influence parental rearing styles. Meanwhile, it is showed that the students with personality dysfunction had abnormal parental rearing styles, such as rejection, overprotection, favoring subject and lack of emotional warmth. Conclusions Parental rearing styles are influenced by various factors. Parental rearing styles were coherent in most families. Mothers play an important role in family rearing than fathers. Personality dysfunction of adolescents is associated with abnormal parental rearing styles.