MicroRNA在甲状腺癌中的研究进展

微小RNAs(MicroRNAs, miRNAs)是一类短的广泛存在于生物体内，可以调控多种病理及生理过程的单链非编码RNA。研究发现其在组织以外的血液、尿液、外泌体等中也存在差异表达。随着检测技术的飞速发展、研究方法的不断改进以及研究人员操作技能的不断提升，miRNA因其稳定的分子结构以及丰富的生物学功能而进入人们的视线，其在炎症发生、免疫调节、氧化应激、纤维化、信息传递、病毒播散及肿瘤恶性进展等生命进程中的差异表达以及具体的调控机制正在不断被发掘及证实，尤其在甲状腺癌的发生、侵袭、转移及耐药中发挥着重要的调控作用, 提示其有望成为甲状腺癌精准诊疗及预后评估的新指标。且对于未知功能的miRNAs以及其在不同类型的甲状腺癌中的特异性表达的研究不仅对于甲状腺癌不同病理类型的诊断、鉴别以及治疗具有重要意义，还有助于动态观察甲状腺癌患者的病情演变。而对于不同甲状腺癌类型相关的特异性miRNA在前者进展中具体调控机制有待进一步的研究。本文对miRNA的研究进程、生物学功能以及其在不同类型的甲状腺癌中的近期研究进行汇总，旨在为甲状腺癌的诊治提供参考，丰富甲状腺癌患者的诊疗策略以及进一步提高甲状腺癌患者的生存质量。 

Research progress of microRNA in thyroid cancer

MiRNAs are short,single-stranded non-coding RNAs that exist in organisms widely and can regulate a lot of pathological and physiological processes.It is also differentially expressed in blood,urine and exosomes outside tissues.With the rapid development of detection technology,continuous improvement of research methods and continuous improvement of researcher'operational skills,miRNA has entered people'sight due to its stable molecular structure and abundant biological functions.Its differential expression and specific regulatory mechanisms in life processes such as inflammation,immune regulation,oxidative stress,fibrosis,information transmission,virus dissemination and tumor malignant progression are constantly being explored and confirmed,especially in the regulation of thyroid's occurrence,invasion,metastasis and drug resistance,indicating that it's expected to become a new indicator for precise diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of thyroid cancer.Furthermore,the research on miRNAs of their unknown functions and specific expression in different types of thyroid cancer is not only of great significance for diagnosis,identification and treatment of different pathological types of thyroid cancer,but also helps to dynamically observe the condition evolution of patients with thyroid cancer.This review summarizes the research progress,biology function of miRNA and its recent researches in different types of thyroid cancer,aiming to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer,enrich the diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with thyroid cancer and improve the quality of their lives furtherly.