1990—2019年中国结直肠癌归因于各类危险因素的疾病负担分析与模型预测

目的  分析1990—2019年中国结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC)归因于各类危险因素的疾病负担变化趋势并对其未来10年的变化进行预测，为CRC的精准防控提供参考依据。方法  利用2019年全球疾病负担(Globad Burden of Disease, GBD)研究数据，采用Joinpoint估算年度变化百分比(annual percentage of change, APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage of change, AAPC)来反映中国CRC疾病负担的时间变化趋势；描述1990年和2019年中国CRC归因于各类危险因素的疾病负担，比较不同年龄段人群的主要危险因素及其变化速率；通过R 4.0.2软件创建自回归滑动平均混合模型(autoregressive integrated moving average model, ARIMA)，预测未来10年中国CRC归因于各类危险因素的疾病负担情况。结果  1990—2019年中国CRC归因于危险因素的伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years, DALYs)率整体呈上升趋势，各年份男性DALYs率均高于女性，且随着时间的变化，差距逐渐增大。中国CRC归因于各类危险因素的疾病负担随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势。1990年钙摄入不足是造成中国CRC疾病负担的首要危险因素，而2019年是牛奶摄入不足。30年间中国CRC归因于各类危险因素的标化DALYs率上升最快的危险因素是高BMI，而下降最快的是纤维摄入不足。ARIMA预测，未来10年，牛奶摄入不足仍然是造成中国CRC疾病负担的首要危险因素。结论  1990—2019年中国CRC归因于各类危险因素的疾病负担总体呈上升趋势；牛奶摄入不足是当前及未来10年造成中国CRC疾病负担的首要危险因素；中老年和男性是重点关注人群，建议针对其相关危险因素采取控制措施以降低CRC疾病负担。

Analysis and model prediction of disease burden attributable to various risk factors for colorectal cancer in China from 1990 to 2019

  Objective  Provide references basis for the accurate prevention and control of colorectal cancer through the analysis of the change trend of disease burden attributed to various risk factors of colorectal cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and the prediction of changes in the next 10 years.  Methods  Based on the Globad Burden of Disease Study 2019 research data, Joinpoint estimated annual percentage of change (APC) and average annual percentage of change (AAPC) were used to reflect the time trend of disease burden of colorectal cancer. To compare the main risk factors and their change rates of different age groups, we described the disease burden attributed to various risk factors of CRC in China in 1990 and 2019. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was established by R 4.0.2 to predict the disease burden of colorectal cancer attributed to various risk factors in China in the next 10 years.  Results  The disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of colorectal cancer attributed to risk factors in China showed an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2019. The DALYs rate of male was higher than that of female in each year, and the gap increased gradually with the change of time; The burden of disease attributed to various risk factors for colorectal cancer in China basically increased with the increase of age. Diet low in calcium was the primary risk factor for the disease burden of colorectal cancer in China in 1990, while diet low in milk in 2019. During the last 30 years, the corresponding risk factor of the most rapid increase in standardized DALYs rates attributed to various risk factors for colorectal cancer in China was high BMI, while the most rapid decrease was diet low in fiber. The model prediction found that diet low in milk will be still the primary risk factor for the disease burden of colorectal cancer in China in the next 10 years.  Conclusions  From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of colorectal cancer attributed to various risk factors in China showed an overall upward trend. Diet low in milk is the most critical risk factor for the disease burden of colorectal cancer in China at present and in the next 10 years. Middle-aged and older adults, as well as male people are the key population for prevention and control. It is suggested that intervention is formulated to control the prevalence of risk factors and further measures should be taken to reduce the disease burden of colorectal cancer.