Control of target cell survival in thyroid autoimmunity by T helper cytokines via regulation of apoptotic proteins |
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Authors: | Stassi G Di Liberto D Todaro M Zeuner A Ricci-Vitiani L Stoppacciaro A Ruco L Farina F Zummo G De Maria R |
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Institution: | Department of Surgical, Anatomical and Oncological Sciences, Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, Italy. |
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Abstract: | After autoimmune inflammation, interactions between CD95 and its ligand (CD95L) mediate thyrocyte destruction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Conversely, thyroid autoimmune processes that lead to Graves' disease (GD) result in autoantibody-mediated thyrotropin receptor stimulation without thyrocyte depletion. We found that GD thyrocytes expressed CD95 and CD95L in a similar manner to HT thyrocytes, but did not undergo CD95-induced apoptosis either in vivo or in vitro. This pattern was due to the differential production of TH1 and TH2 cytokines. Interferon gamma promoted caspase up-regulation and CD95-induced apoptosis in HT thyrocytes, whereas interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 protected GD thyrocytes by potent up-regulation of cFLIP and Bcl-xL, which prevented CD95-induced apoptosis in sensitized thyrocytes. Thus, modulation of apoptosis-related proteins by TH1 and TH2 cytokines controls thyrocyte survival in thyroid autoimmunity. |
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