我国食品污染物限量标准与CAC标准的比较研究

目的：比较我国食品污染物限量标准与食品法典(CAC)标准的差异，为我国制／修订污染物限量标准提供依据和参考。方法：收集我国全部污染物限量标准、CAC相关标准和FAO／WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)对有关污染物的评价结果，进行标准的数量比较和指标比较，并分析JECFA对污染物评价的变化。结果：(1)我国共有20个污染物限量标准，涉及20种污染物58种食品；只有一个适用CAC标准，涉及16种污染物69种食品。(2)我国食品污染物指标包括与CAC标准一致，比CAC标准严格，比CAC标准宽松3种情况。我国的铅限量标准大多比CAC标准宽松，镉限量标准大多比CAC标准严格。(3)JECFA对铅、砷、汞、镉、黄曲霉毒素、展青霉素有新的评价，而且暂定每周耐受量(PTWI)值都有所减小。结论：(1)建议参照CAC标准将各种污染物限量标准合并成一个通用标准，在制定食物中的污染物限量标准时可适当参照CAC的食物分类。(2)食品中铅、砷、汞、镉、黄曲霉毒素卫生标准应是评价和修订的重点，尤其是铅和镉的卫生标准。

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MAXIUM LIMITED STANDARDS FOR CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD BETWEEN CAC AND CHINA

Objective:To compare maxium limited standards for contaminants in food between Chinese standard and CAC,and provide evidence and reference for establishing and revising our maxium limited standards for food contaminants.Methods:(1)relevant imformation was collected:maxium limited standards for food contaminants both in China and CAC;JECFA's evaluations on food contaminats;(2)the standards were compared;(3)JECFA's evaluations on food contaminats were analysed.Results:(1)There were 20 standards involved 20 kinds of food contaminants in our standards,but CAC has only one standard involved 16 kinds of food contaminants;(2)Some maximum limited standards are the same,some are different(higher or lower).Our maximum level of lead in food is mostly higher while our maximum level of cadium in food is mostly lower.(3)JECFA's new evaluations(PTWI)on lead,arsenic,methylmercury,cadium,aflatoxin and patulin are all lower than before.Conclusion:(1)Incoporate our 20 food safety standards into one Standard like CAC,at the same time reference the food classification of CAC.(2)Maxium limited standards for lead,arsenic,methylmercury,cadium and aflatoxin in food are the emphasises we should concern.