直肠癌非手术治疗的新策略

术前同步放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术是目前局部进展期直肠癌的标准治疗方式。术前同步放化疗可使肿瘤退缩、降期，增加低位直肠癌的保肛率，术后少部分患者可达病理完全缓解。手术相关的前切除综合征引起的功能损害、风险及并发症，使以“器官保留”、“等待观察”为代表的非手术治疗策略逐渐引发研究与探讨，从而为提高和改善患者的生活质量带来了新希望。

Non-surgicaltreatment of new strategies for rectal cance

Neoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision have become standardmanagement for locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapycould develop significant tumor regression and downstaging to achieve chancesof sphincter preservation leading to pathological complete response. Butsurgery accompanied with mortality， complications anddysfunction. Thus the non-operative treatment such as organ preservation andwatch-and-wait strategy might lead a new way.