采用集聚度对我国社区护理人力资源的公平性分析

目的描述分析我国社区护理人力资源分布差异和公平性,为我国社区护理人力资源区域规划提供参考。方法根据国家统计局2012～2016年公布的数据,计算全国各省、自治区、直辖市的社区护理人力资源集聚度、人口集聚度,以及两者差值。结果 2012～2016年,我国社区注册护士总量稳步增长,医护比提升至1:1.07,护士占卫生技术人员比例1:2.75。东部地区社区护理人员集聚度远大于1,中部地区集聚度略超过1,而西部地区社区护理人员集聚度远小于1。东中部地区2012～2016年集聚度均大于1,稳中有降。西部地区5年间集聚度均小于1(全距为:0.26～0.29),表现为稳中有升。结论我国社区护士总量不足,东中西部社区护理人力资源配置存在差异,人口公平性优于地理公平性。在社区护理人力资源规划中,应加强人力资源宏观调控,促进人才合理流动,保证我国社区护理人力资源平衡。

Evaluation on fairness of community nursing human resources in mainland China based on agglomeration degree

Objective To describe and analyze the differences and fairness of community nursing human resources distribution in China, and to provide references for regional community nursing human resources planning. Methods According to the 2012 to 2016 data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the agglomeration of community nurses, and population agglomeration in all the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China were calculated.Then the differences between agglomeration of community nurses and population agglomeration were derived. Results The number of registered community nurses in China has increased steadily from 2012-2016. The doctor-to-nurse ratio has been raised to 1:1.07, and the nurse-to-health-technicians ratio has been raised to 1:2.75.The agglomeration of community nurses was much higher than 1 in east China, slightly higher than 1 in central China, much less than 1 in west China. Over the 5 years, the agglomeration of community nurses in east and central China edged down, being all greater than 1,while the readings in west China inched up, ranging from 0.26 to 0.29. Conclusion The number of community nurses was insufficient in China.There were differences in the agglomeration of community nurses in east, central,and west China, and the fairness of population was superior to the geographical fairness. In community nursing human resource planning, we should strengthen the macro-control of human resources, promote reasonable flow of nursing talents, and ensure the balance of community nursing human resources across China.