自我决定理论在病房护士管理中的应用

目的探讨基于自我决定理论的管理方法对病房护士进行管理的效果。方法2015年对74名护士进行常规管理,2016年对其进行基于自我决定理论的管理,包括护士根据自身的兴趣及意愿决定职业发展方向,满足自主感;制定年度个人目标及实施步骤,满足能力感;成立科室成员及其家属微信群,建立家庭成员档案,满足归属感。实施前后采用一般自我效能感量表及症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行评价。结果实施自我决定理论管理后,护士自我效能得分显著高于实施前,SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对得分显著低于实施前(均P<0.01)。结论将自我决定理论用于护士长对病房护士的管理,能够有效提高护士的积极性,改善其工作状态和心理健康状态。

Management of nurses working in a hospital unit based on self-determination theory

Objective To discuss the effect of managing nurses working in a hospital unit based on self-determination theory.Methods A historical control design was adopted in the study:in 2015,74 nurses working in the department of lymphoma were managed with traditional methods,while in 2016,the nurses were managed based on self-determination theory.Measures were as follows:the nurses decided their career path based on their fields of interest and wills,to satisfy their sense of autonomy;the head nurses assisted the nurses to develop individualized annual goals and steps of goal fulfillment to satisfy their need to build their competence;a WeChat group was created for medical staff and their family members to boost chat conversation,and archives of the family members were established,to satisfy nurses' need of belongings.Before and after implementation of the management model,nurses were measured with the General Self-efficacy Scale(GSE),and the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90).Results After implementation of the management model,nurses scored higher in self-efficacy,and lower in SCL-90 totals and the dimensions of somatization,obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,and hostility than before(P<0.01 for both).Conclusion Management of nurses based on self-determination theory by the head nurses can effectively improve nurses' enthusiasm,and enhance their work status and mental health status.