酶替代治疗戈谢病72例

目的通过对戈谢病患者的用药跟踪监测,综合评估酶制剂伊米苷酶(Imiglucerase)替代疗法(ERT)治疗戈谢病的效果。方法 1999年5月至2005年10月,ERT 治疗戈谢病72例,男46例、女26例,年龄1岁4个月～22岁。Ⅰ型57例、Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型13例。伊米苷酶初剂量60 U/kg,每2周1次静脉滴注,2年后剂量改为45 U/kg。每用药3～6个月,对患者进行身高、体重、血常规、肝脾容积测定、长骨 X 线等检查。结果 3例失访,4例死亡,正接受治疗65例。ERT 治疗12个月起,未切除脾脏患者的 Hb 和血小板值显著增加(P<0.01);ERT 治疗30个月时,已切除脾脏患者的Hb 值明显增加(P<0.01),而血小板值在 ERT 治疗中无明显改变(P>0.05)。肝、脾体积随时间显著回缩(P<0.01),治疗24个月肝脏缩小(39±17)%、脾脏缩小(59±21)%。治疗12个月,2～12岁患儿身高增长(8.6±4.3)cm,体重增加(2.6±1.7)kg,12～18岁患儿身高增长(5.2±3.9)cm,体重增加(4.5±3.3)kg。复查骨 X 线征象无明显改变、16例合并骨痛经治疗3个月即缓解;Ⅱ、Ⅲ型神经系统症状无改善;全部病例未发现严重的毒副作用。结论 ERT 可改善戈谢病患者全身症状:纠正贫血、血小板减少,使肝脾体积回缩,体格发育,骨痛缓解,从而提高其生存质量。

A retrospective study on enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Gaucher disease

OBJECTIVE: Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder. A deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase causes accumulation of the glucocerebroside in macrophages throughout the body. This study summarizes the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with Imiglucerase in children with Gaucher disease. METHODS: Data from 72 patients (46 were male and 26 female, age ranged from 16 months to 22 years, median 8 years and 8 months) who were treated in the hospital between May 1999 and October 2005 were collected and analyzed, 57 of the patients had type 1 Gaucher disease, 2 patients with type 2, and 13 patients with type 3. Twenty-two patients had undergone total splenectomy. Imiglucerase was given at an initial dose 60 U/kg body weight by intravenous infusion every 2 weeks. The dose was reduced to 45 U/kg when they had achieved the specified therapeutic goals after 2 years. Clinical outcome data of Imiglucerase treatment were collected using routine Gaucher clinical measures, including growth, hematology, liver and spleen 3-dimensional measurements, and skeletal assessments every 3 - 6 months. RESULTS: Three patients were lost to follow-up, 4 patients died, and 65 patients continued to receive the therapy. Hemoglobin and platelet levels of the patients with intact spleen increased most rapidly from the first 12 months of ERT (P < 0.01). Hemoglobin level of the patients who had undergone splenectomy determined at 30 months of treatment was higher than that of baseline (P < 0.01), but platelet levels were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The volumes of the liver decreased after the 6 months of ERT, decreased in average by (39 +/- 17)% at 24 months (P < 0.01). The volumes of spleen decreased after the 12 months of ERT by (59 +/- 21)% at 24 months (P < 0.01). During the first 12 month, the height and weight of the patients who were 2 - 12 years old increased (8.6 +/- 4.3) cm and (2.6 +/- 1.7) kg, respectively, and those of the patients who were 12 - 18 years old increased (5.2 +/- 3.9) cm and (4.5 +/- 3.3) kg, separately. Bone pain reported by 16 patients relieved after 3 months of treatment. But radiological evidence of bone disease did not change. The signs and symptoms of CNS involvement in patients with type 2 and type 3 disease were not improved. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: ERT with Imiglucerase could improve the quality of life of the patients with Gaucher disease by ameliorating the Gaucher disease-associated anemia, thrombocytopenia, organomegaly, growth retardation and bone pain.