食品安全管制的行为边界及制度结构

保障食品安全是政府的固有责任,但仅靠政府难以实现食品安全治理的目标。受到政府目标、管制资源等条件的约束,政府管制有其行为边界。考虑到政府以外的替代因素,存在三种广义的食品安全管制制度结构,即＂私人契约＋法院执法＂,＂私人契约＋法院执法＋政府管制＂,＂私人契约＋法院执法＋社会参与＋政府管制＂。食品安全管制行为选择的逻辑顺序是：私人契约→政府管制→社会监督→法院执法。提高食品安全管制的效率,要求从政府垄断管制走向多元合作治理。食品安全多元合作治理制度建构的关键在于政府管制、公众参与、媒体监督、生产者自律和消费者保护的有机结合。

The behavior boundary and system structure of food safety regulation

It is the inherent responsibility of the government to safeguard the food safety. However,reaching the goal of realizing the food safety management merely depending on government is far away from hard. Restricted by conditions such as the government goals,regulation resources,there are behavior boundaries in government regulation. Considering that there are substitute factors other than government,there are three system structures of food safety regulation in the broader sense,namely,the Private Contract plus Law Enforcement of the Court,the Private Contract plus Law Enforcement of the Court plus Government Regulation,and the Private Contract plus Law Enforcement of the Court plus Society Participation plus Government Regulation. The logical order of choosing the food safety regulation behaviors is private contract first,government regulation second,society supervision third and law enforce- ment of the court last. To improve the efficiency of food safety regulation,it is a requirement to switch from government monopolistic regulation to multivariate cooperation management. The key to building the multivariate cooperative management system of food safety is the organic combination of government regulation,public participation,media supervision,producer＇s self-disciplinary and customer protection.