甘肃省小学生超重和肥胖现况及相关因素分析

目的 了解甘肃省超重和肥胖儿童现况,分析相关影响因素,为减少小学生超重和肥胖提供依据.方法 按照甘肃省东西狭长的地形特点,分别在东部、中部和西部选择3个县（市）,从每个县（市）分别选择1～2所城市和农村小学,每个年级不少于80人,如果人数不足,从相邻学校补足.采用自行设计的问卷调查全较小学生的监护人,了解学生生活行为相关情况,并对儿童进行体检.按照《中国儿童青少超重-肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准》判定超重和肥胖.结果 小学生超重和肥胖总检出率为9.8％,男生和女生超重检出率分别为8.3％和6.2％,肥胖检出率分别为2.6％和2.4％,农村和城市小学生超重检出率为5.6％和8.9％,农村和城市肥胖检出率为1.9％和3.0％,7岁和8岁小学生超重肥胖检出率分别为17.2％和13.4％,其他年龄组检出率在4.9％～10.1％之间.城镇儿童超重、肥胖检出率高于农村（P＜0.05）,城镇男孩超重、肥胖检出率高于女孩（P＜0.05）.超重和肥胖的影响因素从大到小依次为进食速度、户外活动时间、课外室内活动时间、出生体重、挑食和偏食、看电视（玩电子游戏）时间、吃油腻食物和甜食.结论 目前甘肃省小学生超重和肥胖检出率总体低于全国和其他大中城市水平,但7～8岁超重和肥胖检出率明显增加,且高于全国水平,城市高于农村,提示超重和肥胖目前已经是是城市小学生面临的重要健康问题,应引起各部门的足够重视.

Analysis of the Situation and Factors of the Students' Over-weight and Obesity Status in Gansu province

OBJECTIVE To analyze the situation and the factors of the pupils＇ obesity and provide a basis to reduce obesity. METHODS According to the long and narrow terrain of Gansu, selected 3 urban or suburb cities in the east, middle and west, and selected 1 -2 elementary schools in each city, chose more than 80 students in each grade. Surveyed relevant life behavior and habits by using self- designed questionnaire, and decided overweight-obesity according ＂Chinese child and adolescent overweight--obesity body mass index classification standard＂. RESULTS The total rate of overweight-obesity was 9.8%, among boys and girls, overweight rate were 8.3% and 6.2%, obesity rates were 2.6% and 2.4%; in rural and city overweight rate was 5.6% and 8.9% , obesity rate was 1.9% and 3%, the overweight-obesity rates were 17.2% and 13.4% among 7 and 8 years old pupils, the other age groups were 4.9%-10.1%; The city!s overweight-obesity rate was higher than rural areas（P〈0.05）, in city the boys overweight-obesity rate was higher than girls （P〈0.05）; Influencing factors of overweight-obesity from large to small are as follows： the feeding speed, the time for outdoor activities, extracurricular activities time indoor, birth weight, and partial eclipse, picky eaters （watching TV and playing electronic games） time and eat greasy food and sweets. CONCLUSION Gansu pupils＇ overweight-obesity rate was lower than large and medium-sized city and the national level, but the rate age were higher than the national average among 7-8 years old, and the city were higher than the rural. It was important health to attach each department to prevent and control overweight-obesity in Gansu.